The U.S. Mint produces bullion, numismatic or collector coins, and the circulated coins of the United States. The Mint uses a range of tools and procedures at its four production sites, located in Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
A line drawing is turned into a three-dimensional sculpture by Mint medallic artisans after the design has received the Secretary of the Treasury's approval. The Mint creates coin dies that stamp the design onto the coins after the sculpt is finished and digitalized.
Flat metal discs called blanks will eventually turn into coins.
The Mint purchases blanks for pennies, numismatic coins, and bullion coins.
The Mint purchases coils of metal that are 1,500 feet long and produced to the precise specifications of each denomination in order to create blanks. The coil is placed into a blanking press after first passing through a machine that straightens the metal. 14,000 blanks are produced every minute by the blanking press, which operates like a cookie cutter. They are the same thickness as a completed coin but have a somewhat different diameter.
The annealing furnace is where the procedure will continue after the blanks have been moved there. Webbing, the coil's leftover scrap metal, is crushed and recycled.
Source: Youtube - US MINT, B;anking B-Roll
To make blanks ready for striking, they are annealed. The process of annealing alters the metal's physical characteristics, making it softer and enabling it to be formed without breaking. The design will stay on the annealed blanks during striking better.
The blanks are heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere in the annealing furnace to temperatures of up to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit. Oxygen deprivation inhibits tarnishing. The temperature is then swiftly lowered by dropping them into a quench tank with "slippery" water. Citric acid powder, water, and lubricants that prevent the blanks from clinging to one another are all combined to create the slippery water.
Source: Youtube - US MINT, Annealing and Whirlaway B-Roll
The blanks are then lifted by a machine out of the quench tank so they can drain. The Philadelphia Mint employs a whirlaway, a cylindrical device that slowly rotates while lifting the blanks out of the water. The skip basket is a sizable scoop that is used by the Denver Mint. From the quench tank, the blanks are transported to the washing area.
To bring back the blanks' original color, washing is done. A combination of cleaning and anti-tarnish ingredients make up the cleaning solution.
Before going to the upsetting mill, the cleaned blanks are steam dried in the dryer.
Source: US MINT
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