I find the news very promising: the 60-year-old man from Germany who underwent a stem cell transplant was declared free of HIV. Here is what is amazing about this story: these reinfused donor stem cells did not carry the common mutation conferring resistance to HIV. It challenges conventional wisdom that a certain genetic mutation is necessary for an HIV cure.
This discovery brings new hope in the treatment of HIV. It would make a difference to be able to cure people without the need for rare genetic mutations. The complexity of the relationship between HIV and CCR5 is further supported by a statement that the patient was given stem cells from a donor who only had one copy of the mutated gene.
The case, in my opinion, might further reveal several aspects as to why research into the virus should be continued. Currently, over 40 million people in the world live with HIV; obviously then, there is a great need to find its cure. For that reason, trial experiments in different directions, especially gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, should be conducted to potentially eliminate the receptor CCR5 within the person's cells. Even if they do not eradicate the virus, these therapies are still likely to have a significant impact on reducing it.
Such an idea is quite intriguing, that a cure for HIV may not necessarily mean the complete eradication of the virus from the body. It would thus be enough, I believe, after reducing the size of the infected cell reservoir below a 'threshold' level, to prevent the virus from rebounding.
This could be achieved through the combination of antiretroviral therapy plus chemotherapy and immunotherapy. If this patient has already not shown any symptoms of HIV for almost six years, it means that in such cases, this approach is quite effective in the long run.
This also underlines what cooperation and sharing of knowledge can do for the scientific community. The fact that now the researchers are working tirelessly to date to uncover the mechanisms behind this cure and develop new treatments—what a testament to how much one can achieve if people come together.
As we go further into the battle with HIV, I believe there is an urgent necessity for keeping up the good work in taking it beyond possible limits and seeking new avenues of research.