We must understand prophet Isaiah before interpreting the case study of the thief on the cross.
Isaiah 64:6 KJV
But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away.
There are two kinds of righteousness in the Bible.
Romans 10:3 KJV
For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.
There are two kind of righteousness in the Bible the righteousness of God which in Greek word is called dikaiosune meaning justification, equity righteousness. Another one is own righteousness of man. This are people who are ignorant of God's kind of righteousness, and decided to establish their own kind of righteousness, and they have refused to submit themselves to the righteousness of God.
The Israelites who knows God in the old testament said we are all unclean things and our righteousness is like a filthy rag.
Romans 3:10-12 KJV
As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: [11] There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God. [12] They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one.
It is important to understand that Paul the Apostle laid emphasis on the fact that they are all go astray. Not including himself. Because the Bible was actually talking about people who refused God's kind of Righteousness, looking for their own righteousness. They are all gone astray.
The righteousness referred to as filthy rag is self righteousness.
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