Bangladesh (hear this word (help · info)) is a sovereign state in South Asia. The constitutional name of Bangladesh is the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Geopolitically, Bangladesh is bordered by West Bengal, India to the west, West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya to the north, Assam, Tripura and Mizoram to the east, the Chinese and Rakhine states of Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the south coast. [15] Bangladesh is located across the region. 56 international rivers flow over the riverine territory of Bangladesh. To the north-east and south-east of Bangladesh are the Tertiary era mountains. The world's largest mangrove forest Sundarbans and the longest natural beach Cox's Bazar beach is located in Bangladesh.
In the ancient and classical period of South Asia, settlements called Banga, Pundra, Gaur, Gangariddhi, Samatat and Harikela were formed in the region of Bangladesh. The region was a province of the Mauryan Empire in the Mauryan era. The towns were famous for naval power and maritime trade. The villages exported muslin and silk to the Middle East and the Roman Empire. In the first millennium, the Pala Empire, the Chandra Dynasty and the Sen Dynasty were formed centering on the territory of Bangladesh. After the conquest of Gaur by Bakhtiyar Khalji and the spread of Islam in the region during the Delhi Sultanate. Europeans considered Shahi Bengal to be the richest trading country in the world. [17]
During the Mughal period, 12 per cent of the world's gross domestic product (GDP) was generated in Subah Bengal, which was more than the GDP of the whole of Western Europe at that time. [20] From 175 to 1947, the territory of Bangladesh was part of Presidency Bengal. After the partition of India in 1947, Bangladesh became part of the newly formed kingdom of East Bengal (1947–1957; East Pakistan, 1956–1971). With the development of Bengali nationalism centered on the Bengali language movement from 1947 to 1956, East Pakistan was established as an independent and sovereign nation in 1971 through a democratic and armed struggle with the help of India against various political, cultural and economic exploitation, discrimination and oppression in West Pakistan. . Poverty and natural disasters have occurred at different times in post-independence Bangladesh; In addition, protracted political instability and repeated military coups have repeatedly disrupted the overall political stability of the country. The parliamentary system of government was re-established in 1991 through the anti-authoritarian movement of the 1990s, which continues to this day. Despite all the adversities, the economic progress and prosperity of Bangladesh in the last two decades has been recognized all over the world.
Bangladesh is the eighth largest country in the world in terms of population, although it is the 92nd largest in the world in size [21], after 8 small islands and urban states. With a population of less than 56,000 square miles, the estimated population (2016) of this small country is more than 160 million, or 269 people per square mile (1115 people per square kilometer). [22] Bengali is the mother tongue of 99% of the country's population; Literacy rate among the town people is 74.6 percent.
Bangladesh's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current market value in FY 2017-18 was Rs. [24] In the 2017-18 financial year, the average annual per capita income of the people of Bangladesh was ৭ 1,752. The government estimates that the per capita income for 2018-19 will be ৯ 1,958, or লাখ 1,60,392. [25] Percent. The developing country has been on the list of "next eleven" economies for almost two decades, achieving economic growth of 5 to 6.2 percent annually. Expansion of the capital Dhaka and other cities is working as the driving force of this development in Bangladesh. At its core has been the rapid development of an aspiring middle class and the emergence of a capable and active entrepreneurial class. Bangladesh's export-oriented garment industry is especially famous all over the world. Manpower export is also one of the economic pillars of the country. The World Bank estimates that Bangladesh's economy will grow at an average rate of 7.8 percent per year in these two fiscal years 2016-20. [26]
Located in the fertile basin of the Ganges-Brahmaputra, the country experiences seasonal floods almost every year; And cyclones are also very common. The main problem of this low-income country is that widespread poverty has been largely under control in the last two decades, literacy rates have risen rapidly, and birth control programs have achieved unprecedented success. Bangladesh has also made exemplary progress in the International Human Resource Development Index. [26] However, Bangladesh still faces a number of important challenges, including pervasive familism, political and administrative corruption, economic competition in the context of globalization and climate change Fear. Moreover, in the form of an acceptable electoral system, social divisions have been created in new ways.
Parliamentary democratic system of government is prevalent in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and BIMSTEC. The country is also home to the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the World Shoe ********