Just as people need the environment to survive, the environment also needs forests to survive. And it is our responsibility to preserve that forest. If the forest survives, our environment will survive. If the environment is right, we will also be at ease.
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As a result of deforestation, biodiversity and the environment are unbalanced today. Due to deforestation, rising temperatures have made life miserable. As the vegetation decreases day by day, the rainwater falls directly on the ground and the soil is eroded. However, when this water accumulates in the lower layer of the soil by the plants, it is stored in different layers through the roots. Organic fertilizers are made by decomposing water on the leaves of the tree. Trees control the temperature by retaining air humidity, helping in balanced rainfall. Controls storms and floods. Endless deforestation worldwide is polluting the environment by releasing 2.4 million tons of carbon dioxide into the air every year. The temperature is rising. About 50 species of animals are on the verge of extinction as a result of global deforestation.
In the last 25 years, 75,000 hectares of forest land in the country have been reduced. In the last five years, 13,000 hectares have been reduced. And between 1990 and 2010, the agricultural land of the country has decreased by 11 lakh 45 thousand hectares. This is according to a report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on forests and agricultural lands around the world. According to the report titled 'State of the World's Forest-2017', agricultural lands and forest lands of 17 out of 200 countries of the world have been reduced. Bangladesh's name is at the top.
The South American Amazon jungle is the largest forest in the world. Which produces 20% of the world's oxygen. It shares its borders with nine other countries. These include Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guinea, Suriname and French Guiana. About 60 percent of this forest is located in Brazil. But the sad fact is that this Amazon forest, a blessing for the world, is being damaged by fire every year. In recent times, some wildfires have been so severe that smoke has been rising in the Amazon rainforest for several days. The efforts of the Brazilian government in this regard are also insufficient.
People are also indiscriminately cutting down the scattered forest lands in different parts of the country. The forest is rapidly shrinking to meet the growing demand for firewood and fuelwood from the people of the country. Not only in Bangladesh, but all over the world, deforestation is rapidly taking place. Every minute 190 acres of forest are being destroyed from the earth. The need for increasing urbanization and industrialization has become a major cause of deforestation of the environment and forests.
Forests are essential for maintaining the balance of biodiversity and the environment. Without forests, biodiversity cannot survive. If everything in the world is divided into two main parts, it will mean the living world and the animal world. Biodiversity is the child of nature. Forests are the only refuge for plants and animals and biodiversity. Forests are the creation of the great age, in which man has no hand. But biodiversity is on the verge of extinction today due to the reckless actions of human beings. International Forestry Day is observed on 21st March every year with the aim of protecting forests and maintaining the balance of biodiversity and raising public awareness. Various governmental and non-governmental organizations have been celebrating the day.
Environmental pollution started after the global industrial revolution. Currently, the world's fauna is in danger due to environmental pollution. The need for biodiversity is essential to maintaining the balance of the environment. But today the world faces biodiversity threats.