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Lung cancer is an incredibly dangerous and all-too-common form of cancer. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women, and it can be difficult to detect early. Knowing the signs, symptoms, and treatments can be the key to early detection and, potentially, to survival. While it is important to understand the risks and how to prevent this deadly cancer, it is also important to know the signs and symptoms of lung cancer and the various treatment options available. By understanding the signs, symptoms, and treatments, you can become more aware of your own health and be better prepared to deal with any potential problems. Knowing the facts about lung cancer, and the ways to prevent and treat it, can help you to protect yourself and your loved ones.
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What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women and is responsible for approximately 1 in 5 deaths from cancer. Most often, lung cancer is caused by prolonged inhalation of carcinogens in tobacco smoke, asbestos, radon and other environmental pollutants, or the fumes from certain chemicals. However, lung cancer can also develop as a result of inherited genetic mutations. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2019, there will be an estimated 234,300 new cases of lung cancer in the United States and 159,040 deaths from the disease. Lung cancer can be either non-small cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancer, which is the most common type of lung cancer, accounts for 80% of cases. Non-small cell lung cancer is further broken down into three subtypes: Squamous cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma and Large cell carcinoma. Small cell lung cancer is the second most common subtype, accounting for 20% of cases.
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer
Because lung cancer is caused by the inhalation of carcinogens, there are many different risk factors associated with the disease. Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor, followed by exposure to asbestos, radon gas, air pollution, and other chemicals. Because lung cancer can also be caused by inherited genetic mutations, there are also certain risk factors related to family history. These include a family history of lung cancer, certain genetic syndromes, and other health conditions.
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Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Because lung cancer often progresses slowly, it can be difficult to recognize the symptoms. This is especially true when the cancer is in its early stages. The most common signs of lung cancer include cough, change in cough, hoarseness, change in voice, shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss, chest pain, blood in the sputum, and palpitations. The diagnosis of lung cancer is made after a thorough physical examination, a chest X-ray, and additional diagnostic tests. Imaging scans of the lungs, such as computerized tomography (CT) scans or positron emission tomography (PET) scans, can help detect cancer, although they may not be useful at an early stage of the disease. In addition, doctors can also use a biopsy to remove a sample of cells from the lung for microscopic analysis.
Diagnosis and Tests for Lung Cancer:
The diagnosis of lung cancer is made by a combination of physical examination, imaging scans, and a biopsy of suspicious cells. After the diagnosis has been confirmed, the doctor will discuss treatment options, including surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The type of treatment you receive will depend on several factors, including the type of lung cancer (small cell or non-small cell), stage of the disease, and your overall health.
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Treatment Options for Lung Cancer:
Although there is no cure for lung cancer, treatments can prolong life and improve quality of life. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the cancer. The majority of patients will receive a combination of treatments, often including surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It is important to understand that no one treatment works for all patients. Treatment decisions are based on your unique situation, including your age, overall health, the type and stage of the disease, and your preferences.
Prevention of Lung Cancer:
The best way to prevent lung cancer is to quit smoking. People who have quit smoking, even many years ago, can significantly lower their risk of lung cancer. Stopping smoking is one of the most important things you can do to protect your health. Even if you have already been diagnosed with lung cancer, quitting smoking can help you live longer. Other ways to reduce your risk of lung cancer include avoiding prolonged exposure to asbestos, avoiding indoor air pollutants, and wearing protective equipment when working with certain chemicals.
Living With and After Lung Cancer:
After successfully treating lung cancer, living with the disease can be challenging. Many people experience symptoms of fatigue and shortness of breath as treatment continues. Others report feeling a sense of isolation, especially if they have to stop working and/or missing social activities. Recognizing these feelings and knowing how to manage them can help you better cope with the challenges of living with lung cancer. Additionally, talking to others who have been diagnosed with lung cancer can help you connect with others who can empathize with your situation. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with lung cancer, remember that the diagnosis does not have to be a death sentence. With advances in treatment, many people diagnosed with lung cancer are living longer and enjoying a better quality of life.
Reference:
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/lung-cancer/
https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html#:~:text=Lung%20cancer%20is%20cancer%20that,differently%20and%20are%20treated%20differently.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374620