Capture a new exoplanet like Earth.

NASA announced the discovery of a new exoplanet like the Earth, but colder, it is called HD 13701b, it is so similar to the Earth that its year lasts 355 days, and it will take about two or three more observations so that the observatories can hopefully see how this planet passes in front of its star, because it could be that the planet's orbit is not exactly adjusted to the angle of view between us and the star and the planet passes slightly above the disk of its star, or below, with which we would have in both cases, we would have to wait another 355 days to see how the planet actually passes in front of the disk of its star or transits in front of its star and in this way we can capture it and be able to analyze it in detail, we could even study its atmosphere.

If we want to discover planets like the Earth that orbit stars like the Sun, we are going to have to wait years because their year is going to have a number of days similar to what our Earth year has, so we have to be patient, it is not like discovering planets that orbit red dwarfs, very close to their star and the years on those worlds can only last a few days, that is why there are so many planets discovered that orbit red dwarfs, because it is very easy to have data and capture it and be able to analyze it in detail. The complicated thing is discovering planets, similar to Earth.

But for now, researchers believe that it is a rocky exoplanet similar to ours, although slightly larger, maybe only 6% larger, 6% is not much, but that would mean that its surface would be about 63 million square km more than the Earth's surface. That is about six and a half times the surface of the United States, if it had a density similar to that of the Earth, which would be strange because with the new discoveries of exoplanets plus what we are knowing about the planets of the solar system, we are realizing that the density of the Earth is above normal for a rocky planet.

Even assuming that this new planet HD17010 b lowercase has a density similar to that of Earth and despite being 6% higher, the surface gravity on it would be almost negligible, a human who on Earth weighed 80 kg, in that world would weigh 84.4 kg, it would not be an impediment to walking or doing any task, it is most likely that its density would be somewhat lower, so if you were exploring that planet, you would surely not notice anything about your weight, It would be like walking on earth, the gravity would be practically the same.

What would change the most would be what you would see in the sky, because what light would illuminate that world? According to NASA, this world orbits a star similar to the sun, that is what it says in its statement, but in reality it is not like that, the research document confirms that it is an orange dwarf, the sun is a yellow dwarf, orange dwarfs are a little smaller and cooler than stars like the sun, but this star is not one of the solar ones, the star HD 13710 is a typical orange dwarf, it is not even one of the large ones, the large ones could be much more similar to the sun, this one It is the medium size of the normal prototype of an orange dwarf, so if you were walking through that world, you would see a sun in the sky more orange than ours.

The landscape would seem bathed in a warm light like the beginning of the sunset here on Earth. Regarding the age of the planet and its star, the figures are ambiguous, it is between 5,000 million years, which would mean that it would be a little older than the sun, at 10,000 million years, more than double the age of the sun, in any case, it seems that it is an old and quiet star, this is important, being 10,000 million years old does not want say that it is in the final phase of its life. The sun is estimated to live about 10,000 million years, but the smaller the stars, the longer they live.

This orange lullaby will live between 20,000 to 40,000 million years and with the passage of time its brightness will slowly increase, it is a very slow process and the heat that this planet receives from its star will also increase, but also very slowly, currently this planet receives less than a third of the light and heat that the Earth receives from the Sun, so its surface temperature may not exceed -68º C, that is, it would be a little colder than Mars, which is around -65ºC.

This new world, although there are certain doubts that I will explain later, would in principle be at the outer limit of the habitable zone, since with that temperature it could not maintain liquid water on the surface, although it could be that it had oceans under an icy crust, but this thing about the habitable zones has a trick, because the calculation of the temperature is done based only on the energy that the planet receives from its star, however, the temperature on the surface of a planet can vary greatly depending on the density of its atmosphere and its composition.

If it did not have an atmosphere, the temperature would be -68º C. But if it did not have an atmosphere it would be very strange, very rare that a planet of its size and at that distance from its star would not have an atmosphere, it would be something very strange, because if it were very close to its star, as in the case of Mercury or closer, it can be understood that the stellar winds, after millions of years, will end up destroying and sweeping away the atmosphere of a planet. But this world is much further from its star than Mercury and its star is not as bright as the Sun, nor as powerful, so if this new planet had an atmosphere with a composition and density similar to that of the Earth, its global surface temperature would be -30º Celsius, global temperature, with an average of -30º we would be very cold, much colder than the Earth.

The Earth has an average temperature of about 15º Celsius, positive, but with minus 30º we would still have some heat near the Equator, however, if its atmosphere were denser or richer in CO2, like that of Mars, which is basically composed of CO2, although it is very weak unfortunately, or similar to the atmosphere that the Early Earth had, which was basically also CO2, this new world could then have warm temperatures similar to those of our planet and could be a world with large oceans.

But there are doubts, it is supposed to be outside the habitable area on the outside, but that assessment could be wrong and that the planet was a little closer to its star within the habitable zone and with somewhat more pleasant temperatures, we need even more data to be able to specify what this world is like, but for the moment NASA has given it the nickname Frozen Earth, it would be a Hoth-style planet from the Empire Strikes Back in 1980; We have to wait several years for new measurements to know how similar this exoplanet is to ours.

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