Quantum is a method and study series for understanding the micro-world. It enters into a sub-branch of the branch of physics or a branch of study. The world of physics, which the macro world holds and sees, does not work much in the atomic and subatomic world called the micro world. If the rules of physics are not valid in the micro-world, it is certain that the rules of physics in the universe will apply. Quantum means literally a package. Understanding and explaining the quantum world is a really difficult concept. Michio Kaku says the laws governing atoms are very different from the laws governing the galaxies. Isaac Newton is the father of classical mechanics or classical physics. Quantum physics will be a little meaningless to remember with one person. Names such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and Planck have worked in quantum physics and have made names in this field. The most striking subjects of quantum physics are the following.
Double-slit experiment: It is an experiment that tries to explain whether the light is a matter or a wave. Made for the first time by Thomas Young. Let's take two papers in a simple way and draw one with a knife. If you spray with a spray on the top of the paper we draw the shape we draw. If we draw two scratches side by side, there will be two scratches on the bottom of the paper. If this test is performed by water wave, different results are obtained. If two slits are placed in front of the water, the opposite side is formed. This shows that water is spreading in waves. Let's explain this again. As in our paper example, when spray is sprayed, it is not physically possible to have dyes from right to left of lines, not two lines on paper. If he does this experiment with a photon, there are two separate results. The photon does not form two lines on the opposite side like a paint spray in the double slit experiment. It forms an interference pattern. This shows that the electron acts as a wave. When a measuring instrument is placed next to the source of the photon, this is the double line on the opposite side. The effect of the photons on the opposite side can be measured by a simple device. The photon shows a feature of the substance as if it were cheating. A sub-atomic particle, such as a photon, exhibits both matter and wave properties, which is the most interesting information found by quantum physics. The fact that the substance can only be in one place is a sign that it can be in different places. Consider radio broadcasting. Radio broadcasts are a general feature of waves that can be rested on all sides and can be on all sides. Both photons and wave properties have been instrumental in the generation of quantum computers. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle has a distinct place in quantum physics. As the matter gets smaller, it becomes difficult to determine its position. In short, everything small is more mobile. Let's think we've sent a beam of atoms to measure six particles.
In other words, the beam photon that is sent to detect its position as the electron rotates around a proton causes deviation of the orbit of the electron. The velocity of the photon and its mass give the momentum. The product of the uncertainty in its position and momentum will be equal to or greater than Planck's constant number.
As we mentioned earlier, there are some branded phrases to be mentioned in some subjects. Maxwell Demon , the Devil of Laplace. In the Qunatum world, Schrödinger's Cat is famous. Demon, Devil, Cat. The most recognizable animals of the physical world. Let's put a cat in an enclosed space. Get a poison in this box. Let this be a subatomic particle that triggers the poison. The half-life of this particle is one hour. An hour later, the subatomic particle may have triggered the poison during the half-process and killed the cat, or it could have done nothing and kept the cat alive. We need to look at the box to find out the cat's condition. If we open the box, we will know the exact situation. But if we don't look open, the cat is both dead and alive for us. We don't know anything. The finest detail of quantum physics lies here. There is no such thing as certain. Measuring is only the result of communication between our measuring tools and what we want to scale. We can't do a pure measurement. The fact that the cat is both alive and dead may seem irrational. But this situation can be explained by the theory of parallel universes. According to the theory of parallel universes, there is a possibility of everything that might come to our minds in this world. Anything. But in this world, not in another universe in another universe. This book can possible being written by you in another universe. In Homo sapiens' cave, it is possible to play Go with his computer and to defeat Alphago in this game. But in which planet or in which universe they are applied these are ambiguous concepts.
At least for now, we are not capable of measuring our intelligence with our intelligence. Another phenomenon of quantum mechanics is the concept of entanglement. Quantum entanglement is the case that the two particles (for example, photons) are connected to each other in such a way that the measurement on any one of them immediately affects the other, no matter how far away. There are multiple ways of doing this. One is to separate a high-energy photon into two low-energy on photonics participles. Like the identical twins in horror movies, these two puppies have a mysterious link between them. If one of these photons moves the direction (spin) up, the other goes down in the spin direction of the other regardless of the distance. It seems that there is a communication between them. In this way, an entangled particle appears to affect the other, no matter how far away it is. Albert Einstein thought that this violated the cosmic rate limit in the universe raised by his theory of relativity, and thus he called entanglement "the ghostly effect." How come two photons see a communication between themselves? There is no explanation for this now.
We have mentioned above that the volume of our brain is about 1400 cc. The approximate weight is 1.4 grams. It is already impossible for our brain, which consists of 80 billion cells, to understand and interpret trillions times trillion times the number of trillions and masses. It's just a universe, that's for our universe. According to the parallel universe theory, we have not yet invented mathematics. There is an infinite sign in mathematics. The meaning of 1/0 means the division of one to zero means infinity. Infinity is perhaps the number or total mass of all subatomic particles in the universe or something else. We don't know what that thing is. As long as Homo Sapiens existed in the world and became a modern man, he tried to perceive the world with his 5 senses.
The wavelength we see in the Electromagnetic Spectrum is between 360-780 nm. Roughly speaking, we can only hear a distance of one milimeter with a one-meter ruler. Although the electromagnetic spectrum has a large area, it is a disadvantage that we only see an area of 360-780 nm in our eye structure. The fact that Homo sapiens did not see in the dark of night allowed them to be active only during the day while living in a hunter gathering society and to lead a passive life at night. For their own safety, they always needed to sleep and shelter in safer areas at nights. Another one of our five senses, we hear only 20-20,000 Hz. Our ears do not hear the sounds of above or below of these frequencies. For example, dogs can hear voices above 22,000 Hz. The waves that people get with five senses determines the way we live. The colors we call color are only red-green and yellow, but the other colors are a mixture of these main colors. If Homo Sapiens' eye structure had changed so much with evolution, perhaps we could see x-rays or radio waves in many different colors. Seeing radio waves would allow us to perceive what was happening in distant planets physically. Of course, our ability limit to perceive things with our own physical properties has caused us to invent technological tools. For example, with x-rays, we can observe our own body. Sound waves are used to observe brain structure. If we could see the x-rays gamma rays with our eyes, how could we see the color or the color of the world? These were concepts beyond our dreams. Can we understand the universe that we perceive through our five senses in such a limited spectrum? I think no. The structure of the brain is composed of dozens of different materials. This structure seems impossible to understand the whole universe. Our vision about quantum physics and micro world are a tool that allows us to think about our philosophy of life, but the contribution is not only that.
Quantum computers can finish a job in minutes if we compare with today's computers. Passwords that may take months to break may break within minutes via Quantum computers. Quantum computers do not have a structure like normal computers. Normal computers use 0 and 1 bits, that is to say whether the current passes through the microchips or not, the quantum computers can operate using 0 and 1 simultaneously. The biggest disadvantage of quantum computers, which is somewhat different, is that they cannot operate at normal room temperature. Room temperature causes computers warm up. In an environment close to the absolute temperature, however, the processing power can be manifested. In order for this process to enter our daily lives, physicists need to develop the concept of superconductivity technologically at room temperature.
After the first appearance of Homo sapiens, about 200 thousand time passed until we discovered quantum computers and artificial intelligence. Homo sapiens gathered information due to a collector's structure and then managed to handle in his own minds. The collection of information was through books. Actually, the books look like the hard drives we're using now. Hard disks of the past were books. Collecting information takes time and writing is a distraction. The Sumerians and Hittite communities made tablets of clays and recorded the information with their drawings. This information was generally paper praising kings, and bureaucratic procedures required for state affairs. Clay tablets containing a scientific knowledge were almost too few. The information was written on the papyrus in the ancient Egyptians. Whether it's a clay tablet, a papyrus, or a paper we used today, or a Word file that we wrote on the computer, it contained all the symbols. These symbols were nothing but a particular voice to express a particular shape. These figures differed according to different tribes, societies and civilizations.
Certain symbols, namely letters, represented a particular object. These symbols come together in different formats and have created different forms that we call literature. Language, the aesthetics of the idea emerged. There are different kinds of alphabets used by each language. Examples are Latin alphabet, Chinese language alphabet, Arabic language alphabet. The number of letters that make up this alphabet is limited. For example, there are 25 letters in a Latin alphabet. With these 25 symbols, we are recording the information. We express our thinking with the combination of 25 symbols and one letter, two letter, three letter or different numbers. In ancient times, some communities expressed a particular object only in a certain form. In this way a type of writing could sometimes cause confusion. Returning to our main subject, the expression and recording of the information with symbols has led to the dissemination of knowledge and the analysis of the information. If we roughly compare the human community to a computer, each individual acts as a neuron. Some neurons have collected and processed the information. For example, Euler, Einstein. Some neurons have no function (an ordinary individual away from scientific studies). The information was transferred to journals that were collected and evaluated by other neurons (other scientists) and new information was added to this information and new information was stored in different ways.
Briefly human = neuron hard disk = book, magazine, a file processor on the computer = human
In this way, science was shaped in a period of 200 thousand. In fact, this process is the same as the machine's self-learning process. The information was given to humanity with a spark of fire. Homo sapiens using fire managed to dominate the world. In fact, this world gave Homo sapiense necessary materials and Homo sapeins has been developed like Alphago Zero's self-learning in the Go game.
In the second stage, we produced artificial intelligence by making computers using 0-1 bits. Our third stage is that artificial intelligence will produce its own artificial intelligence. If the artificial intelligence produces its own artificial intelligence, dominance will be in the knowledge. We all know that science has gained a great acceleration especially in the 1800s and that the scientific accelerations in the 1900s have increased even more and that this increase has increased much more rapidly. This increase is due to a logarithmic increase. It is almost impossible to know where this increase will go and when to stop or stand still. 6 million years ago, if an asteroid has come from space and the dinosaurs have come to an end, perhaps they can again bring the end of the descendants of Homo sapiens. The logarithmic curve can be reset multiple times. After thousands of years, intelligence can improve itself in the world. We cannot know which creatures to be choosen as a host by intelligence. It may be human or a chimpanzee. Who knows it.