"A Federal judge in Alabama yesterday dismissed the claims of bondholders who held millions of dollars worth of old bearer bonds issued by the Qing dynasty that ruled China in 1911."
https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/27/business/us-judge-dismisses-china-bondholder-suit.html
"The defaulted railway bonds were issued in 1911 by the ruling Qing dynasty, which the Chinese government does not acknowledge."
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-05-26-fi-2786-story.html
"Few Americans have ever heard of the Huguang railway, let alone the bonds that were sold to finance its construction. But a dispute over whether China can be sued over these bonds has become a major irritant in Chinese-American relations."
https://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0311/031152.html
"The State Department yesterday joined the People's Republic of China in asking a federal court in Birmingham, Ala., to set aside a $41.3 million default judgment against China in a dispute with American citizens who hold 72-year-old railway bonds issued by the Imperial Chinese government under the Ching Dynasty."
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/08/19/us-backs-chinas-move-to-reopen-1911-railroad-bond-case/a6347d1a-8647-401c-89b9-95d1a7bbd0a5/
"The Trump administration has been studying the unlikely prospect of reviving century-old claims on Chinese bonds sold before the founding of the communist People’s Republic"
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-29/trump-s-new-trade-war-weapon-might-just-be-antique-china-debt
"Owners of 100-year-old Chinese bonds have been asking President Trump to get Beijing to honor them, Bloomberg reports, with the administration currently "studying" this "unlikely prospect." This debt hasn't been recognized by the People's Republic of China, but Trump, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross have reportedly held meetings with bondholders to discuss it."
https://theweek.com/speedreads/861882/trump-reportedly-looking-into-hitting-beijing-antique-debt-obligations-from-imperial-china
"Bianco has been pushing for 18 years to convince the US to force China to honor the certificates, roping a stable of former government officials into taking up the cause."
https://www.rt.com/usa/467593-trump-china-antique-debt-bonds/
£100 Imperial Chinese Government 1911 Hukuang Railway Gold Bond
https://www.amazon.com/Imperial-Chinese-Government-Hukuang-Railway/dp/B07HCLDGVG