Mathematical or computer (English Computer) is a machine that can perform mathematical calculations very quickly by following specific instructions.
The word computer comes from the Greek compute word. Calculate the meaning of compute or calculate. And computer terminology means the calculator. But now the computer is not just a counting machine. Computer is an instrument that receives information and analyzes and presents through various processes. The development of civilization and its rapid progress now has strong influence on mathematics and computer.
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History
In the prehistoric era, various efforts of inventing the instruments of calculation are considered as computer history. In ancient times, man used to use mussels, gravel, rope gitt etc. to understand the number. Abacus, an ancient counting machine, is considered to be the first device in computer history. It was discovered in Babylon in 2400 BCE in Babylon. The composite machine has been replaced by the calculator in the abacus frame. Abacus was created as 450/500 BC in Egypt or in China as a counting instrument.
In 1616, Scotland's mathematician John Napier used to print or use punctuation or rack to calculate. These rocks are known as John Napier's bone. In 1642, 19 year old French scientist Blaise Pascal discovered the first mechanical calculator. He started the process of adding the tooth wheel or gear. 1671 German mathematician Gottfried von Libin Pascal created a more advanced mechanical calculator with the ability to divide and divide using the wheel and the rack, based on the machine. He named the machine Rechoning Mechine. Later in 1820, Thomas D. Kommer revised the recoding machine and made Libny's device popular.
In the beginning of the nineteenth century, the idea of the creation and use of a modern device (which can only be mechanically measured, without any intelligence, mathematical calculations) firstly promoted Charles Barbez. He named it Difference Engine. While working with this difference engine (in 1833), he gained ideas in an advanced and universal instrument called analytical engine. But he could not finish any work due to lack of necessary equipment and money.
The true origins of computer science are Alan Turing's first theoretical and later practical research. From the middle of the twentieth century, modern computers began to develop. In 1971, microprocessor innovation led to the rapid development of microcomputers. Different types of personal computers or PCs are priced at different prices and sizes in the market. She has been invented with a lot of operating systems, program languages, countless practical package programs. There has also been a widespread expansion of computer networks and the Internet and associated services and services. Many institutional and non-formal computer education and research institutes have been established and expanded to provide computer education. In recent times, computer and IT technology has acquired a large part of the business and business, and jobs have become largely computer based.
After the Intel Corporation of the United States invented the microprocessor in 1971, the microprocessor-based computer started coming to market. Since then, a great revolution has been achieved in the shape and efficiency of the computer. In the year 1981, IBM Computer Personal Computer or PC After that one was invented by a high-powered microprocessor and a powerful PC was being created. Since the IBM company did not have any restriction on the creation of IBM Compatibility Computer, the value of such computers was greatly reduced and its usage continued to increase. At the same time, IBM Computer and Apple Computer Inc. released their invented Apple-Macintosh computer market. But Apple did not show any kind of generosity in compatibilizing the computer, Macintosh did not get much popularity because of the cost of computers, which did not get much popularity. However, due to some special features, Apple Macintosh computers were widely used in printing industry.
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Computer system
The system is a collective effort of several integrated components that work for some common purposes. The components of computer systems are as follows: -
- Hardware,
- Software,
- Humanware or user,
- Data or information.
Hardware
All the machines, parts and devices of the computer's outer shape are called hardware. Computer hardware can be initially divided into three groups.
- Input Equipment:
- Keyboard, 2 Mouse, 3 Disc, 4 Scanner, 5 Card Reader, 6. Digital camera etc.
- System unit:
- Hard disk, 2 Motherboard, 3 AGP card 4.ram etc.
- Output Equipment:
- Monitor, 2 Printer, 3 Disc, 4 Speaker 5 Projector etc.
Software
In order to solve the problem or perform the task, the command of the computer in a series consistently called programmake. The program or program set that makes the hardware efficient by creating relationships between computer hardware and user is software by itself. Computer software can be divided into two main categories.
- System software: System software maintains the coordination of the work in different units of the computer and puts the computer capability in order to execute practical programs.
- Application software: Application software used for problem solving or data processing is called application software. A variety of ready-made programs are available as commercial products to solve practical problems, which are usually called package programs.
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Humanware or user
All people associated with tasks such as collecting data, saving or checking data, programmed computer, writing computer programs, designing and recording systems, and coordinating between storage, software and hardware are all called Humanware.
Data / information
Information is the smallest unit in data or data. Data is not sorted by some rough fact data.
(A) Numeric data or numerical data. For example, 25,100,456 and so on. (B) Non-numeric data For example, name, livelihood, race or picture, words and dates of people, country etc.
Operating system
The operating system is a software that controls the computer program execution and which performs scheduling, debugging, input / output control, accounting, compilation, storage assignment, data management and related functions. Currently, the most widely used operating systems are: DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, UNIX, Ubuntu, Mint (Operating System), MANDRIVA, Debian, Fedora, Mac OSX, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Linux
Application
The computer has lots of uses. | Its unique use in many areas, from home to business, scientific, etc. On top of all, it brings unique revolution It is also a unique partner in medical and human welfare In a word, the computer is a machine capable of almost all the work.
Use of Geography Computer:
- GIS Computer: Computer is used for GIS technology. In this technology, various data is added to the map with the help of computer.
2.Using computer use in education: Using multimedia technology, there is a computer in class for teaching. Microsoft Excel is also used to publish results.
Computer type
Based on the structure and circulation of computers, it can be divided into three parts.
- Analog Computer
- Digital computer
- Hybrid Computer
Depending on size, affordability, price and usage, digital computers can be divided into four parts.
- Microcomputers
- Mini computer
- Mainframe computer
- Super Computer
Micro computations can be divided into 2 parts.
- Desktop
- Laptop