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This is first part of a series for people who ever would like to experiment with server systems, or always wanted to setup their own cheap Linux server at home. Raspberry Pis are not reliable enough for production systems, but they are good enough to get experience with Linux systems and deployment of tiny web services and web sites.
Please feel free to comment.
Enjoy!
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Setup your Raspberry Pi to be used via SSH
For this you will need following hardware:
- Raspberry Pi (I use a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B with a clear case and heat sinks)
- MicroSD (I use a 32GB SanDisk)
- Micro USB Power Source (5V, 2.5A should do)
- Ethernet Cable
- Peripherals for one time setup: Keyboard, Mouse, Screen and HDMI-cable
And following software:
- Jessie lite image (https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/)
- Win32diskimage (http://www.raspberry-projects.com/pi/pi-operating-systems/win32diskimager), or any other imager
- git bash (install git from https://git-scm.com/downloads)
Preparations: Get your Raspberry Pi ready
First, we need to setup Raspbian on our Pi. Get the Jessie Lite image from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
There are several software solutions for write an image to an SD card. I used the win32diskimager.
Run the imager, and carefully select the drive you want to write your image to and the jessie lite image you just downloaded from the raspberrypi site.
(Hint: In case you would like to set up multiple Raspberry Pis in the same way, the diskimager also can read an image. Once your raspberry pi is set up completely, you can make a backup of it, and even write the same image on multiple new MicroSD cards, when can then be used in other Raspberry Pis)
Once the image is written to your MicroSD card, safely eject your MicroSD card and insert it into your unpowered Raspberry pi.
I got a clear case for my raspberry and some heat sinks
Starting up the Raspberry Pi for the first time
Plug in all peripherals (screen, mouse, keyboard) and power up your Raspberry Pi.
After the starting up process, you will be greeted with the login prompt:
The default login is:
user: pi
password: raspberry
(Hint: Watch out for keyboard language settings)
Once we are logged in successfully, we get the next prompt:
Now we can get started to change the configurations of the Raspberry Pi.
Setting the Pi's configurations
Expand Filesystem
The first thing we will change is to make sure that the entire SD card is available to the OS.
to enter the configurations menu, type:
sudo raspi-config
now choose: Advanced Options
and finally: Expand Filesystem
Once you finished, you will be informed that the filesystem will be resized upon the next reboot.
Finish with OK, we still have some settings to set.
Enable SSH
Next, we will enable remote access to the raspberry via SSH.
For safety reasons SSH is disabled by default, so we will have to change that.
choose: Interfacing Options
and: SSH
Here you can enable SSH for our Raspberry Pi, which we will need in future.
Change password
Finally we will set a new password to our raspberry pi, just to make sure nobody can access the pi account.
choose: Change User Password
The pi user is a Sudoer, which means it can call commands with root permission. In the wrong hands, this could be abused to turn our nice Raspberry Pi Sudoer user into an Evildoer machine. (Bad joke, sorry)
More information about Linux users can be found here:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/linux/usage/users.md
Once these three changes are done, shutdown your raspberry pi with following command:
sudo shutdown -h now
Connect to Router and first SSH login
Physically connect your Raspberry Pi to the Router
Now take your Raspberry Pi, you can unplug all cables and peripherals.
You will only need your Ethernet cable and your Micro USB Power supply.
Go to your router, connect your Raspberry Pi via Ethernet and start it up by plugging in the power supply.
From this point on, we should not need to touch our Raspberry Pi ever again physically if things go right.
Find the Raspberry on the Network
To ssh into our Raspberry Pi, we need to find out its IP address, and there are several ways to find it.
I recommend installing git, which will allow us to use git bash in the future.
Also, in the future we would like to have our own private git repository on our little server.
I prefer to use nmap for it.
nmap is an available command in git bash by default. After installing git, right click anywhere in a directory and run git bash.
Now check your standard gateway, this is the ip address of your router. Mine is 192.168.0.1, so I will use nmap to look for all devices connected in this network with:
nmap -sP 192.168.0.0/24
Among other devices, it also shows my Raspberry Pi at the address 192.168.0.136
Login via SSH
After finding out the IP Address, we can login to our Raspberry via SSH:
ssh pi@192.168.0.136
This means that we will login as the user pi.
At your first login attempt, you need to confirm the authenticity of the host:
Now your git bash terminal is your terminal to the Raspberry Pi', and you can give commands which will be executed by the Raspberry Pi.
In case you did not change the password, you will see a warning, and this is the time when you really should choose a new password for the pi user.
For today, this is how far we go.
To finish the ssh connection, you can simply type:
CTRL+D
or just type:
logout
This will close the connection, and your git bash will turn back to normal.
Next time I will go through the process of generating ssh keys, disabling password login to have a somewhat safe way to open the raspberry to the outside world, so we can ssh to our Raspberry Pi Server from anywhere, anytime.