)
Rattan jerus (dragon blood) is a commodity of non-wood forest products (HHBK)
has considerable social, economic and environmental benefits (Permenhut, 2007). Jernang
is a resin that attaches and covers the outside of the rattan jernang (Daemonorops sp.).
Jernang stick to the fruit that is still young and continues to thinned with increasingly old fruit
the rattan. During this jernang diperoeh from hunting results in natural forests. Hunters
making the group to enter the forest looking for jernang. Once they get it,
jernang sold to middlemen to be sent to collectors. Harvesting of rattan in the jungle
nature raises the problem of causing scarcity because of its harvesting system
not sustainable. In addition, the potential of jernang continues to decline due to forest fires and changes
land function.
Jernang used as a dye (for varnish, ceramic, marble, tools from
stone, wood, rattan, bamboo, paper, paint), medicinal materials such as diarrhea, dysentery,
powder for teeth, asthma, syphilis, efficacious apbrodisiac (increase libido) and freeze
blood due to injury (Grieve 2006 in Waluyo, 2008). So far, export is exported to industi
industry in China, Singapore and Hongkong. China needs 400 tonnes each
year and Indonesia only able to supply about 27 tons per year (Pasaribu, 2005). Although
high demand, the production potential of resin jernang decreases and becomes scarce.
In order to guarantee the production of jernang, it is necessary to introduce the cultivation technique
on a wide scale. This can be done by the community because rattan jernang can associate
with other crops in a mixed cropping pattern between forest and plantation crops,
for example rubber-gaharu-rattan.
The types of rattan that can produce resin jernang are Daemonorops draco, D.
micracantha, D. Didymophylla, and D. mattanensis. The four types of rattan will start flowering
at plant age 2-3 years and bear fruit between 4-6 years (Sumarna, 2005). The types of rattan
produces 12 species of gum (from the genus Daemonorops) namely: Daemonorops
acehensis, D. brachystachys, D. didymophylla, D. draco, D. dracuncula, D. dransfieldii, D.
maculata, D. micracantha, D. rubra, D. siberutensis, D. uschdraweitiana, D. sekundurensis
Naturally this rattan can be found in peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, and plains
low at 300 m asl. This plant grows vine and requires woody plants
timber as a stand medium. This plant stems form clumps, diameter 12 mm,
length segment 18-35 cm, yellowish brown color and shiny, white heart.
While the leaves are compound pinnate leaves, lance-shaped leaves such as ribbon,
the upper part of the leaf and the bones of the leaves grow smooth thorns, sitting opposite leaves face down.
The flowers have panicles arranged in bunches, buds covered with a thorny selundang.
The fruit is round, red chocolate, and single seed.
The term jernang is used to express the resin component which is the result
extraction of rattan fruit jernang. The resin attaches and covers the outside of the rattan,
3 Training of Rattan District of Musi Banyuasin, 9-14 October 2014
to get it required fruit extraction process. Another jernang name is dragon's
blood, kino, red benzoin, manday jernang, bear bears, japan nails, rhinoceros and sap gums
warak. Jernang is included in the hard resin group of shiny solids; clear or
dull or red; fragile; melt when heated and flammable with
giving off distinctive smoke and odors; shaped amorphous; specific gravity 1.18-1.20; acid number
low; ester number about 140, liquid point about 1200 C; soluble in alcohol, ether, oil
fats and essential oils, partially soluble in chloroform, ethyl acetate, petroleum and spirits
carbon disulfide as well as insoluble in water
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sumber: Sahwalita Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Palembang Jl. Kol. H. Burlian Km. 6,5 Punti Kayu