To make a salt water converter box into fresh water using solar power is needed how many equipment such as;
- wood.
- Triplek.
- Chainsaws.
- Nails.
- Hammer.
- Zinc sheets.
- Mica and glass.
The wood is cut into a rectangular part and formed into a beam with one of the higher end portions, it is intended that the evaporated water can enter the lower part, on the inside of the wood is mounted a sheet of zinc which is divided into two parts ie the top for water the ocean which will be the place for the warming of the ocean water to be evaporated and the bottom to accommodate the evaporated seawater or fresh water.
The top of the tool is coated with mica and glass that serves as a place to accommodate the heat or the source of incoming sunlight. In the bottom of the glass which is where the fresh water is cooled in the form of cotton or cloth that has been cooled with the goal so that the vapor can be formed down to the existing shelter below, while at the bottom hollowed as a place for the resulting fresh water discharge. In this hole is given a hose that will connect the evaporation box with the freshwater storage container.
Basically, the principle of sea water purification is to separate the salt from the sea water itself so as to obtain fresh water, to separate the salt from the sea water is to imitate the natural way, that is by evaporating the seawater and then condensing the vapor back. When the seawater is heated, only the water evaporates, the dissolved salt remains in solution (seawater). These distilled devices can be used as drinking water providers in coastal villages away from fresh water sources or other purposes, such as learning resources for laboratories in schools.
In this tool can accommodate approximately 5 liters of sea water is entered into the upper hose, after the place for the sea water is full, then the next tool is heated in the hot sun, for this heating is done a full day to produce as much fresh water as possible. The heated ocean water will evaporate in about half an hour after it is heated, and then half an hour later the steam from the sea water begins to descend to the bottom of the mica or glass to proceed to a freshwater shelter, in this experiment within a day of less than 8 hour water obtained approximately 2-3 liters.
The distillation process lasts for five days, and the average daily production of water is 2.5l per day. The fresh water produced here is the vapor from seawater that is held up by the glass and then flowed through the pipe to the freshwater container. The evaporation process in the evaporation room will be better if the water temperature in the evaporation space is higher. The higher the temperature of a liquid the movement of molecules in it will be faster until there is collision between molecules that will cause the faster the process of mass transfer from liquid to gas (evaporation). Furthermore, after the evaporation process, there is a condensation process which is the final process of distillation. The condensation process is influenced by the temperature of the evaporator room cover glass. The lower the temperature of the cover glass the faster the condensation process will occur. Both of these affect the quantity of distilled water produced.
In this study, sea water evaporation occurs at temperatures below 100 ° C but in theory the water will boil at 100 ° C at normal (1 atm). This is because the evaporator room has a high temperature due to solar radiation heating which causes air temperature in the evaporation room to increase. In the case of condensation at the closing portion having a lower temperature when compared to the temperature of the evaporator, it will lower the condensation temperature so as to cause the evaporator temperature to be below the vapor point normally.
Based on the results of this study, the quantity of distilled water has not been maximized. This is because there is still little leakage in distillation devices and less supportive sun conditions. Maximum sunlight conditions will result in maximum evaporation (moisture), resulting in maximum dew (distilled water) as well, low evaporation rate conditions. From this research shows that the distillation device using solar power can produce fresh water as much as 2.6 liters / day. However, during the dry season the demand for clean water will increase, so it is likely that the price of clean water will increase.