Salts and minerals in the human body Salts and minerals are chemical compounds that turn into positive and negative charged ions when dissolved in water. They are very important in the human body to keep healthy and perform various functions at the cellular level. The most important functions are bone building, hormone synthesis, heart rhythm, muscle contraction and others. These minerals are divided into two types: macrominerals , the minerals that the body needs in large quantities during the day, which include calcium , phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium , chloride, selvers, trace minerals , which the body needs in a small amount These include iron, manganese, copper and iodine, Zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium. The best way to supply the body with these salts and minerals is to properly feed and diversify food varieties. [1] The most famous types of salts Each type of salts and minerals a special function performed and we will review the most important salts and minerals in the human body: [2] [3] [4] Sodium: Sodium is an essential element needed by the body to maintain good health. It is necessary to maintain balance of fluids in the body, transfer nerve serotonin, muscle contraction, maintain blood pressure and is present naturally in most foods and add sodium to foods for several reasons such as keeping them from damage, The majority of people think salt and sodium are the same, but sodium is actually half the salt content, the other half is chloride, and is classified as positive salts, with serum sodium levels ranging from 135-145 millipolts per liter. Potassium is classified as positive salts and therefore blood measurement is one of the most important and accurate measurements. This concentration determines the neuromuscular excitation. Therefore, the decrease or increase of it causes the ability of the muscles to contract. It is also responsible for regulating the heartbeat , And maintain blood pressure, and the level of potassium in the blood between (3.5-5.2 milliabiliters per liter). Chloride: Chloride is classified as a negative salts and is very important for maintaining alkaline acid balance, regulating the balance of body fluids, and an essential element in the digestion process. Its blood level ranges from 95-105 millioles per liter. Calcium: It is one of the most important elements in the human body, because of its great role in biological processes. Enter into skeletal structure, important in the transmission of nerve signals, blood clotting, normal contraction of muscles, regulating the action of hormones . Calcium levels range between 8.5-10.3 mg / dL. Iron: Iron is one of the most important elements in the human body, because it participates in the formation of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the tissues and replace it with carbon dioxide; and enters the synthesis of proteins and neurotransmitters, and the amount of iron in the human body approximately (55-160 micrograms per (40-155 micrograms per deciliter), 70% of which is in the formation of hemoglobin. Magnesium: Magnesium participates in the formation of bones, affects muscles and nerves, and has a significant role in the work of enzymes, muscle cramps and general body weakness are considered the most important symptoms of magnesium deficiency . The amount of blood in the blood ranges between 1.75-0.9 mmol / L in the body. Phosphorus is organic: is phosphorus very important elements inbody,addition Penh enters with calcium inbone formation, haskey role in building amino acids within cells, ranging quantityblood between (1.5-1 mmol per liter). Symptoms of high salinity in the body Multiple symptoms vary depending on the type of salt accumulated in the body and the most important of these salts: Sodium The level of sodium is high if it exceeds the barrier (145 mm equivalent) and show different symptoms according to the proportion of height, divided into two: [5] Primary symptoms : Poor appetite . Fatigue and nausea. Vomiting. General weakness. Excessive fatigue . Feeling close to losing consciousness. Excessive thirst. Sagging feelings When the condition of the patient worsens more these symptoms appear : Muscle spasm . Muscle tremor. Puffiness in the feet. Nervousness and agitation. Drowsiness Plus. Strikes of thought and lack of concentration. Nervous cramps. Fainting . Potassium When the potassium is skewed to a barrier (5.2 mEq), the slight rise may not be accompanied by any symptoms, as the symptoms increase with height, including: [6] Muscle weakness. Hypnotic and tingling sensation. Nausea and vomiting. Problems and difficulty breathing . Chest pain. Heart palpitations and intermittent heartbeat. Failure to take appropriate treatment can lead to paralysis in movement, heart muscle failure and death. chloride Elevated blood chloride levels usually do not cause symptoms and are high if they exceed 107 milligrams per liter. In some cases, however, some of these symptoms appear: [7] Significant loss of fluid leads to dehydration by repeated vomiting and diarrhea. High blood sugar level . Difficulty breathing, forcing the patient to take deep inspiration and exhalation. Thirsty plus. Weakness in the body. Accelerating heartbeat. High pressure . Swelling and swelling of the legs. Weak cognitive ability. Loss of consciousness and fainting. Calcium If your blood concentration exceeds 10.3 milligrams per deciliter, you may not experience any signs or symptoms if your calcium is moderately high and low. In more severe cases, symptoms related to each part of your body Affected by high levels of calcium, for example: [8] Urinary system and kidneys : Increased calcium in the blood increases the burden of the kidneys to work hard to filter excess, and this can cause severe thirst and frequent urination. Gastrointestinal : hypercalcemia can cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, constipation . Bones and muscles : In most cases, calcium in the blood may increase as a result of its filtration of bones, which weakens them and causes their pain. In addition, hypercalcemia weakens the muscles. The nervous system and the brain : Hypercalcemia can interfere with the way the brain works, leading to confusion, lethargy and fatigue. Iron The high iron content in the blood is slow and chronic, and is considered high if it exceeds (160 micrograms per deciliter) and produces several symptoms, most of which result from iron accumulation in the body's important organs, including: [9] Chronic fatigue. Joint pain . Abdominal pain. Liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. diabetic. Arrhythmia. Heart attacks or heart failure. Change the color of the skin to the color of the bronze, or the pale green gray color. Discontinuation of menstrual cycle. Osteoporosis . Hair loss. Enlarged liver or spleen. ED. Infertility . Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism. Depression . Adrenal gland problems. magnesium Human injury with a high magnesium content above 1.75 mmol per liter is rare, but if it occurs, it causes a range of symptoms, including: [10] Vomiting and nausea. Drowsiness , coldness, and dullness. Muscle weakness. Arrhythmia. Low blood pressure. Urinary retention . Shortness of breath and lung stop working. heart attack. Inorganic phosphorus Although most patients with increased phosphorus levels (above 1.5 milligrams per liter) appear to have no symptoms, these symptoms are usually the result of the disease that causes the increase in the proportion of phosphorus, and these are some symptoms, such as: Muscle cramps. Numbness around the mouth or drowsiness. Joint pain . Itching and rashes. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Loss of appetite . Nausea and vomiting. Sleep disorders. Spasm in the wrist and foot. Nervous convulsions. Treatment of increasing the proportion of salts in the body Treatment of the increase of salts in the body depends on the main cause of the disease every disease has a special treatment, but these preventive measures to be followed in the incidence of any of these diseases: Drink plenty of fluids daily and drink some natural juices that do not contain sugars. Minimize meat eating. Eat lots of fresh vegetables with basic meals. Reduce salt intake. Reduce the proportion of fat and protein in meals Exercise continuously and compensate the body with sufficient water Do not neglect any increase in salts in the body and must follow the patient's medication and doctor's advice to avoid aggravation of the situation and risk of death.