The ancient city of Mohenjo Daro is one of the first urban centers of human history. Mohenjo Daro is in Indus River Valle of Southern Pakistan and it is the largest and best- preserved city of the Indus civilization, the earliest known civilization of the Indian subcontinent.
Mohenjo Daro was built around 2500 B.C. about the same time the great pyramids were being built in Egypt and expand a surface area of nearly five hundred acres which is about 5x the size of Vatican city, an incredible size for a city of this time period.
Because of Mohenjo Daro's grand scale, archeologists believe it may have served as a seat of power for the Indus civilization.
The city was divided into two districts
1. The Citadel
2. Lower Town
1. The Citadel
The citadel is home to the city's exceptional monuments including the great bath. A 900 square foot tank fed from the indus river.
Mohenjo Daro also had a sophisticated water system, houses had baths and toilets and the town featured both an elaborate sewage system and fresh water and 700 wells throughout the city.
The Roman baths some of history's most famous waterway systems weren't constructed until many hundreds of years after Mohenjo Daro scrap baths.
Mohenjo Daro has no places of worship or governance such as Palaces, Royal tombs or Temples. This may indicate that the society was not built around state interests like the Egyption and Mesopotamian societies at the time, rather the class structure of Mohenjo Daro may have been relatively equal.
2. Lower Town
The city's second district, The Lower Town may demostrate the societies egalitarian structure. The Lower Town with it's intricate water system was home to between 20,000 to 40,000 people. Unlike many urban areas of it's time, it was laid out in a grid system similar to moderan day city blocks.
Collapsing of the City
After approximately 600 years, the city collapsed, no one is quite sure why, but the cause could potentially have been a change within the culuture or in the path of the river.
Without it's crucial source of water, the city's residents may have moved away leaving Mohenjo Daro nearly abandoned. In 1911 nearly 4,000 years after the city fell into the ruin, archealogists paid their first visit.
The ensuing decades of excavations have unearthed countless clues that tells the tale of Mohenjo Daro but it still holds the secret for us to discover.
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