Education is a sacred part of human life, where human beings can nurture their personality by developing their own potentials in accordance with values within society and culture. Thus from the existing values takes place a process that is aligned with the main goal of education is to develop skills knowledge and attitudes of students optimally. The education process is very decisive personality, skill and man manners.
Education is one of the pillars of nation's life. The future of a nation can be known through the extent of community commitment, nation or state in conducting national education. Therefore, education becomes the main or decisive factor for the future of the nation. In order to realize its ideal function for improving the quality of human resources, the education system in Indonesia must always orient itself to answer the needs and challenges that arise in Indonesian society as a logical consequence of change.
School is a formal educational institution that conducts teaching and learning activities as an effort to achieve educational goals. Responsible in teaching and learning process conducted in school is also determined how morals and performance of teachers. The high quality of education is influenced by the quality of the learning process done by the teachers, because the teachers directly provide guidance and assistance to students in an effort to achieve educational goals.
The principal leads the institution with an enormous role for improving school progress. This is because the principal's job is to supervise the programmed activities in order to be focused, focused and successful. The principal also plays an important role for the improvement of teacher performance for more spirit and professional in teaching. For the very basic reason that teachers have a very important role to play in determining the quality of the teaching they are undertaking, they must carefully consider and plan in improving students' learning opportunities by improving the quality of teachers. This indicates that teachers are expected to play an active role as managers of teaching and learning process, acting as facilitators who seek to create class organizations, use of teaching methods and attitudes and characteristics of teachers in managing
School equipment such as school principals, teacher councils, students, employees / employees should support each other to work together to achieve the goals set. Therefore it can be said that the success or failure of an organization in achieving the goals that have been determined depends on the ability of its leadership to grow the climate of cooperation so that it can easily move the existing human resources, so that its efficiency can run effectively and efficiently.
According to Sergiovani and Starrat quoted by E. Mulyasa said that supervision is a specially designed process to help teachers and supervisors in learning their daily tasks in school, in order to use their knowledge and ability to provide better service at parents of learners and schools as a more effective learning community.
There is a strong tendency that to improve teacher competence that needs to be fostered and reorganized so that in turn can be used to direct the teacher program to become a professional figure in education. This can not be separated from the help and guidance of the supervisor. In performing its duties the supervisor is obliged to assist the teacher to provide support that can perform the task well as educator and teacher. As professional teachers they must have special skills and can master the ins and outs of education and teaching with a variety of knowledge that needs to be fostered and developed through a certain period of education.
The effective supervisor in an educational institution is a good principal. Principal who is the center of leader in helping the effectiveness of teaching and learning. As we have seen, the headmaster as an operational level education leader has a central point in bringing the success of educational institutions. Principals play a role guiding, guiding, guiding, building, giving and motivating work, steering organizations, establishing good communication networks, providing efficient supervision or supervision with time and planning.
The involvement of school principals and teachers of Islamic education in the development of school effectiveness also promotes a higher sense of ownership of the school that ultimately encourages them to use the resources as efficiently as possible to achieve maximum results. The ability of schools to create a conducive situation for students to learn. Leadership of the principal is a very interesting thing to be studied and studied as an effort to get a good school and quality. Leadership of the principal includes internal and external leadership, as a form of recognition of the legitimacy of the institution he leads. Of course, effective leadership starts from improving the quality of human resources.
Leadership by P. Sthephen Rubin can sometimes be interpreted as the exercise of authority and decision-making. There is also an interpretive of an initiative to act that produces a consistent pattern in order to find a way of solving a common problem. Furthermore P. Sthephen Rubin formulates that leadership is an activity to influence people in order to be directed toward the goals of the organization.
The definition of leadership extensively includes the process of influencing in determining organizational goals, motivating follower behavior to achieve influencing goals to improve groups and cultures. From some of these opinions it can be concluded, that leadership basically includes the process of influencing in determining organizational goals, motivate follower behavior to achieve goals, affect to improve the group and culture. Leadership has a close relationship with motivation.
It can be seen from the success of a leader in moving others in achieving the goals that have been determined very dependent on authority, and also the leader in creating motivation in each person subordinates, colleagues, or leadership boss itself.
The principal as a supervisor has a responsibility to improve teachers' ability to manage learning activities in schools and has a very important role in school development and progress. Therefore, he / she must perform the supervision properly and correctly in accordance with the principles of supervision as well as appropriate techniques and approaches. School principals 'guidance on teachers can improve teachers' performance and dedication in education. Teachers are helped to always make learning innovations to learners so that the values of learning can be maximally absorbed and form the best personality of learners. In principal teaching supervisory activities not only serve as a supervisor. But also the supervision attached to the principal has two things in the supervision of the Built in Control (supervision attached) and also Function Control (supervisory function). In line with that opinion, Made Pidarta in his book of contextual education supervision stated that supervision by the head unit or principal is called inherent supervision. Because supervision here is one of the routine school activities when the situation is calm or not turbulent.
Supervision by the principal, among others, to improve the competence of teachers in teaching and learning activities, so it is expected to fulfill the teaching mission that diembannya or national education mission in the wider scope. As we know that the problem of the teaching profession in carrying out teaching and learning activities will always and continues and supervision of principals is important in developing professional teachers in performing their duties to the fullest. Principals require teacher performance support for consistent improvement in school learning.
Yushak Burhanuddin argued that the purpose of educational supervision is in order to develop better teaching and learning situation through coaching and improvement of teaching profession that is: to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning, to control the implementation of educational technical field in school in accordance with predetermined rules and policies, ensure that school activities take place in accordance with the prevailing provisions, so that it runs smoothly and obtain optimal results, assess the success of schools in the implementation of their duties, provide direct guidance to correct errors, deficiencies and oversight and help solve problems faced by schools, so as to prevent more mistakes far.
To be able to carry out these tasks and responsibilities, the principal needs to have the necessary skills: managerial skills include technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Technical ability is the ability that is closely related to the use of tools, procedures, methods, and techniques in a true management activities (working with things). Meanwhile, the ability of human relationships is the ability to create and maintain good relationships, understand and encourage others so that they work voluntarily, no coercion and more productive (working with people). Conceptual ability is the mental ability to coordinate, and combines all the interests and activities of the organization. In other words, this conceptual ability is related to the ability to make concepts (working with ideas) about various things within the institution it leads.
The principal has a strategic role to improve the quality of education in the institution he leads. The principal not only acts as a learning leader, but more than that he is the overall leader of leadership functions within a school such as planning, career coaching, coordination, and evaluation. Moreover, in this era of decentralization, the leadership of educational institutions is run autonomously which gives flexibility to the principal to manage the institution he leads in accordance with his vision of leadership. The principal as a wise supervisor should be able to plan that will be done as an alternative problematic solutions that occur among teachers who led cooperatively and work together in adjusting new plans and situations that arise.
This is reinforced by Permendiknas No. 13 of 2007 on the principal / madrasah standard that has 5 competencies that must be owned by the principal personality competence, managerial competence, entrepreneurial competence, supervision competence and social competence. The guidelines for the performance of the principal of the Directorate General of Higher Education in 2000 are: the ability to prepare the teaching supervision program, the ability to implement the teaching supervision program, and the ability to utilize the supervision result.
A religious teacher is required to be able to contribute enormously to education in the school environment, especially in terms of learning. Teachers play a central role in teaching and learning process, therefore the quality of education in an educational institution is determined by the ability possessed by a teacher in carrying out duties.
Education as a process of human development in macro include the processes: culture, coaching Imtaq, science and technology development. The process of culture is the process of transformation of cultural values concerning ethical, aesthetic, and cultural values as well as national insight in the framework of humanity cultivated. The process of imtaq coaching is the transformation of religious values (faith, taqwa, virtue, morals, etc.) in the framework of religious humankind. In macro terms, the role of education, especially Islamic religious education (PAI) in schools in the development of the quality of human resources is as a process of teaching and learning which includes processes: transfer of knowledge, transfer of methodology, value (transfer of value).
