Erik Erikson is one of many psychologists who have studied children at play and developed theories on what and how playing helps children develop. His focus was on the emotional benefits and he believed play helped children develop not only a sense of competency, but self-esteem as well. "I wrote this with focus on my own son in mind" it explains a little more about the three stages of play he identified.
Autocosmic Play
During the first twelve months, a child's focus is on exploring the world through their sense and he, or she, starts to become aware of themselves as a separate beings, that mother is in fact a whole different person. This self-awareness is the first building block needed for self-esteem.
Microspheric Play
Between the ages of one and two, children learn to play with objects and, importantly, that thier actions have consequences: they push the blocks and the tower tumbles.
Macrospheric Play
In their third year children become more sociable and show a preference for share activities. They start to understand that others can have an effect, not only on their environment, but on them, and they learn to maintain a positive sense of themselves.
Erikson's play theory is less complex than others, mainly because it focuses purely on emotional development, but it does give an insight into how children develop through play.
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