1- The Rule of the Thirds
This rule is very simple but it has tremendous power in the way we visualize the photo. It consists in dividing the image, mentally, in 9 equal parts (by means of 2 horizontal parallel lines and other 2 vertical lines) and then placing the subject at some point of intersection of the lines. This picture illustrates it perfectly:
Rule of the Tercios
As you can see, the photographer has placed the bird at the intersection point of the lower left part of the frame. Any other point of intersection would have been equally valid.
This in photography is called strengths. These are points that attract attention and give the subject more interest and prominence.
2- The Law of the Horizon
Useful when photographing landscapes. When you are composing a photo, before shooting, imagine 2 parallel horizontal lines dividing the photo into 3 equal parts. This is applicable in both horizontal and vertical modes.
The law of the horizon
If what you want to have special interest is the sky, locate the horizon on the bottom line. If on the contrary you want to give greater importance to the terrestrial landscape, place the horizon in the second line, the superior one.
It's that simple
3- Explore new angles
Experience photography by shooting with your camera from daring and unusual angles. For example, take a picture of yourself in the rearview mirror of the car (only when you are not the driver, please) or capture the image of a historic building reflected in a puddle of water.
4- Come without fear to the subjects
Use the Macro function of your camera (in automatic mode you can identify it with a flower symbol, and in SLR cameras using a Macro lens) and take close-up photos of small objects. Capture details You could even focus exclusively on the detail by ignoring the rest of the object. The results are usually very striking.
5- Adopt the height of your small subjects of age
To achieve magnificent photos of children, squat or kneel, try to lower and place the camera at the same height as the child or animal you want to photograph, and transmit more realism.
6- Use the flash on the outside
For portraits, use the flash on the outside. Although it makes a particularly sunny day, the flash helps prevent the shadow areas that occupy the face of the person by wearing a hat or something that casts shadow or because the sun is on or behind the person being photographed. The best thing to avoid in forcing the flash. It is called fill flash, and its purpose is not to illuminate the darkness, but to fill the face of the subject with light so that it is uniform with what surrounds it.
and the golden advice ..
7-Always shoot in RAW
Make all your photos in RAW. This format preserves all the elements of the photo (colors, light, shadows, saturation) and allows, through a subsequent processing, to move them at our whim. Taking a photo in JPG produces a final photo in which we would not have more room for modification.