Cancer Treatment

Various types of cancer treatment have been found and used for patients with cancer. The type of treatment that the doctor will apply depends on several things, such as the type of cancer, the stage of cancer, the location of the cancer, the patient's general health condition, and the patient's request. Doctors will give consideration regarding the advantages and risks of each treatment.

The main aims of cancer treatment are as follows:

• Patient healing. Healing is the main goal of various cancer treatments. Achieving this goal or not depends on many factors, such as the type and extent of cancer malignancy as well as the general state of the patient.
• Primary treatment. The goal of primary treatment is to remove or kill cancerous tissue in the body as a whole without any cells left behind. Different types of treatment can be used in order for cancer cells to be removed from the patient, but surgery is commonly used. If the cancer type of the patient has sensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, both types of treatment may be used as a primary treatment.
• Adjuvant / additional treatment. The purpose of adjuvant treatment is to remove the remnants of cancer cells that are still present in the patient's body after the primary treatment. Adjuvant treatment can also be done to prevent the cancer from reappearing in the patient. The commonly used adjuvant treatment is chemotherapy treatment, radiotherapy and hormone therapy.
• Palliative care. The goal of palliative treatment is to relieve symptoms and side effects of primary and adjuvant treatment, not to cure.

There are various methods of cancer treatment, which are selected based on the type and level of cancer malignancy suffered by the patient. The commonly used methods are as follows:

• Surgery. The purpose of surgery is to remove the cancer tissue in the body as much as possible.
• Chemotherapy. Is a cancer treatment using chemical compounds in the form of drugs.
• Radiotherapy. Is a cancer treatment by using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Radiotherapy can use radiation rays from outside the body (external siner radiation) or implanted in the patient's body (brachytherapy).
• Stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplants are also called bone marrow transplants that play a role in producing blood cells. Transplanted stem cells may come from patients or from stem cell donors. In addition to replacing bone marrow with malignancy or malignancy, stem cell transplantation may also be performed to provide an opportunity for physicians to use chemotherapy at higher doses of other cancers.
• Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is also known as biological therapy that aims to help the immune system in recognizing cancer cells and then kill it. Cancer cells when not fought by the immune system can spread uncontrollably and harm patients.
• Hormone therapy. Some cancers can occur by being triggered by hormones such as breast and prostate cancers. Lowering or eliminating these hormone levels in the body can stop the growth of cancer tissue.
• Targeted drug therapy. Giving a drug which is capable of killing abnormal cells only, without attacking healthy cells.

Both cancer and cancer treatment can weaken one's immune system. Cancer can weaken the immune system if cancer cells spread to the bone marrow where white blood cells are produced. Generally the type of leukemia and lymphoma can weaken the immune system but some other can also participate weaken the immune system.

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