The best, most common example of this is the game of Monopoly.

Have you played Catan? I would argue it is a better example. I watched a marriage fall part across the table of a Catan game at a friends place. No joke, they're divorced now. Why I can't exactly point to Catan as the root cause, I would say it a strong example. :D

There are so many great games that can teach reasoning and logic in a safe (and exciting way).

I like Heat (its a board game about classic motor-racing). Pandemic is a great co-op board game, and requires hard work - and is potentially a good talking point about disease control, and ... well our very own Pandemic that we saw in the past few years, and there are so many more games out there.

Board games are so much more than Trouble, Battleship, Snakes and Ladders and the puzzles that I had growing up. They're much, much more sophisticated now.