Malaria is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes from humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoa (a group of single-celled microorganisms) in Plasmodium type. [1] Malaria causes symptoms that usually include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, convulsions, coma, or death. [2] Symptoms usually appear ten to fifteen days after being bitten. If left untreated, the disease may recur several months later. [1] In those newly survivors of infection, reinfection usually causes mild symptoms. this partial resistance disappears for several months to several years if the person is not exposed continuously with malaria
The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites by using mosquito nets and insect repellent, or by mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining puddles. [2] Some medications are available to prevent malaria in travelers to areas where the disease is common. The occasional dose of sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine drugs is recommended in infants and after the first trimester of pregnancy in areas with high malaria rates. Despite the need, there is no effective vaccine, although efforts to develop it are ongoing. [1] The recommended treatment for malaria is a combination of antimalarial drugs that include artemisinin. [1] [2] The second drug may be either meflokuin, lumefantrine, or sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine. [4] Quinine along with doxycycline may be used if artemisinin is not available. [4] It is recommended that in areas where the disease is common, malaria is confirmed if possible before treatment begins because of increased drug resistance concerns. Parasitic resistance has developed for some antimalarial drugs; for example, Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has spread to most areas of malaria, and resistance to artemisinin has been a problem in some parts of Southeast Asia. [1]
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