Overview
The liver is the largest organ in the human body. It is situated just beneath the right lung and is divided into two lobes – Right and Left Lobe. It is made up of cells called hepatocytes and another type of cells that made up the lining of the blood vessels and small tubes in the liver called bile ducts. The bile ducts have a function of carrying the bile juice from the liver to the gallbladder or sometimes directly to the intestines. The Liver has important functions like breakdown & storage of nutrients, which help in the production of energy in the body. It also breaks down alcohol, drugs and toxic wastes in the blood which are then passed through the urine & stool.
Liver Cancer
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Liver cancer can be considered as the growth & spread of unhealthy cells in the liver. Cancer which begins in the liver itself is known as primary liver cancer. Cancer that spreads to the liver from another organ is known as secondary or metastatic liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most common primary liver cancer in the world.
Stages Of Liver Cancer
The stage of cancer is usually a description of how far cancer has spread in the body. The stage of liver cancer is one of the most important factors considered before opting for treatment as it helps to diagnose the severity and the reach of the cancerous cells. Liver cancer stages range from Stage I to Stage IV. The lower the stage means the lesser cancer has spread throughout the body. Higher stage means cancer has spread to more.
Treatments For Different Stages Of Cancer
The treatments for almost all types of cancers are nearly the same. The only differences that arise are the treatment methods for different stages of the cancers. Liver cancer treatment In India varies according to the stages of liver cancer. The different types of treatments for different stages in cancer are:
Stage I
• Partial Hepatectomy: The tumour affected area is removed leaving the healthy part of the liver intact.
• Chemoembolisation (TACE): Also known as Trans Arterial Chemoembolisation, the doctor will administer chemotherapy directly to the area of the liver containing cancer.
• RFA or MWA: In radiofrequency or microwave ablation, heat is used to destroy the cancer cells.
• Percutaneous Ethanol Injection: Alcohol is used in this procedure to destroy cancer-causing cells.
Stage II
• Liver Transplant: This procedure can be prescribed if the tumour is 5-7 cm across or there are 3 small tumours, each no more than 3 cm across.
• Partial Hepatectomy, TACE and RFA or MWA may also be advised depending upon the severity of cancer.
Stage III
• Chemoembolisation and RFA & MWA are usually advised as a preliminary method for dealing with cancer.
• Cancer Drugs: Targeted drugs stop the signals that tell the cancer cells to divide and grow and also stop the cancer cells from growing into the blood vessels.
Stage IV
When liver cancer has progressed into the 4th stage, treatment won’t be able to cure it. The aim of the treatment will be to control cancer, relieve symptoms and provide a good quality of life. Cancer drugs are also used in the process for a way to control cancer.
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