Why is Mars freezing and barren?

Although some recent research suggests that Mars has never been a hot and wet place since the beginning, many scientists believe that Mars once had a more dense atmosphere where water was liquid on the surface.

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If this were true, then the environmental conditions on Mars were capable of supporting microbial life.

Spacecraft entering orbit in Mars indicate that there are probably branching valley networks carved with rainwater or water from melting glaciers on the planet's surface.

On the surface, exploration vehicles found very old river beds and minerals that could only be formed when the soil had been submerged for many years.

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However, the atmospheric surface pressure on Mars must be much higher than the current (-7 millibars, that is, less than one percent of atmospheric pressure on Earth) in order to be stable on the surface of Mars and show this effect, not evaporate and heat up with the effect of greenhouse gases.

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