71-year-old male presents to the emergency department with the complaint of progressive shortness of breath and peripheral edema for one weeks' duration...

A 71-year-old male presents to the emergency department with the complaint of progressive shortness of breath and peripheral edema for one weeks' duration. He is admitted to the hospital and an echocardiogram shows a low ejection fraction. A computerized tomographic scan is obtained and reveals bilateral pleural effusions. The pleural effusion can be best described as

1. being caused by inflammation
2. fluid with a high protein level and high specific gravity
3. fluid with a low protein level and low specific gravity
4. having a pleural: serum LDH ratio >0.6
5. having a pleural: serum protein ratio >0.5