human and subglottic cancer begins in the lower portion of your white spots just below the vocal chords you know so these are the different types of the four cancers you know which are location-wise you know so the name tells us what's the location of that cancer you know now risk factors like include like to echo use excessive cocoa use sexual
transmitted virus is called human papillomavirus diet lacking in fruits and vegetables and fibers except for you know and gastroesophageal reflux disease which is also known as GE orally so these are the risk factors you know well the next question is is it possible to prevent this well there is no proven way to prevent the throat cancer from occurring you know but in order to reduce your risk you can take few steps like stop smoking or drink alcohol in moderation you know healthy lifestyle and plenty of fruits and vegetables and your body will hydrate you know and protect yourself from
sexually transmitted diseases like HPV even develop a virus you know and so this way you can decrease the risk of getting cancer you know having cancer you know now diagnosed isn't different okay so this is that next point you know you know to diagnose this for cancer your doctor may recommend he will ask you the questions about if there's any kind of abnormality or any symptoms for which you are visiting a doctor he will examine your throat okay like North
Central and it would find it see if there's any kind of poorly or any effect sign of infection etc you know and are in sores you know mouth sores or canker sores etc you know we'll examine using a scope to get closer look into your throat you know and may use the endoscope you know and the other type of scope which is all it's letting just scope me else abused so she just called that laryngoscope you know say this we talked again have a close view to the inside of the
larynx to see if there's any kind of growth or any tumor or any kind of abnormality really you know and during this test see me if you find any abnormality dears we will take out a piece of their tech normals those anomalies has to see under microscope are those gross cancerous or non-cancerous you know and this per se this se piece this procedure is called biopsy no so it will be diagnosed or confirmed by the biopsy so once it's diagnosed then the next step is how to stage it you know and that so to see doctor determine the extent or the stage of the cancer you know and knowing the stage
helps to determine the treatment options okay and the prognosis is you know and the stage of a throat cancer is characterized with Roman numerals like one two for you know and each subtype of that or cancer has a strong criteria for each stage and in general Stage one throat cancer indicates this smaller tumor confined to the local area in the torsional and the later stages indicate more advanced cancer now with the stage for being the most advanced you know so those things will indicate a tell us more the whether they are localized all they have specialist surrounding tissues or
the lymph nodes or they have spread in the far most body parts by kidneys or lungs or anywhere neuticle it has metastasized you know now once we know the stage then it helps to choose the right treatment option like surgery or chemotherapy or radiotherapy are the combination of these you know but it it depends on the General Health Commission and the type of the cancer the stage of the cancer okay and know the treatment option is like I said these are based on the factors such as the location the state of against general health of a patient you know and it may include
like the radio Tropius or the radiation therapies uses the high-energy beams from the source such as x-rays and a fortnight like protoss to deliver radiation to the cancer cells causing them to die you know and it has certain side effects you know the surgery is another option with the like the types of the surgical procedures you may consider to treat your for cancer depends on the location and the stage of the cancer and the options meaningful like surgery for early stage four cancer and like the surgery to remove all or part of your voice box you know it's n1l laryngectomy you know and
surgery to remove part of a throat like for inject me and Sal you can remove cancerous so we will do singer and du cinéma build a Carl Carly will do similar smoke analytical Carly move got a premium back any sweetener please thank you so these are the different surgeries you know so for example I will start with the surgery for early early stage four cancer you know so the tour cancer is confined to the surface after throat are the local cards and may be treated
surgically using endoscope you know and your doctor may insert a hollow to endoscope into your throat are the white box and then and pass the special instruments tools or laser through that scope you know using the tools and the doctor can scrape of a cop out or in the case of for the laser vaporizes very superficial kind of cancels you know the next thing is that when laryngectomy is needed you know so the small tumors are like excised you know you doctor may remove the part of your white spots that's affected by the cancer and leaving as much as possible you know and you
Raqqa may be able to like preserve your ability to speak and breathe normally you know and for the larger or the more extensive tumors it may be necessary to remove your entire was Boston wesbox you know and your windpipe is then attached to a hole which is known as stoma you know in your throat to allow you to breathe you know and this is known as tracheotomy you know and if you're entitled larynx is removed and you have several options for the restoring your speech like you can work with the speech pathologist to learn to speak without your voice box you now then I suppose
you need to fair inject me so which I mean is that the small torque answered me require like removing only small parts of your or during the surgery you know and parts of data are removed may be reconstructed in order to allow you to swallow off normally you know and surgically remove more of your throat usually includes removal of your voice box as well and your doctor may be able to reconstruct your throat to allow you to swallow food easily you know and another one is surgery to remove cancerous lymph nodes you know other than a necklace a dissection you know so if throat
cancer is spread deep within your neck you lot to me Rick I'm sorry to remove some are all of your lymph nodes to see if they contain the cancer cells you know and then they will be sent to the lab for to see under the microscope you know and the surgical is a risk of bleeding and infection you know and other possible complications may include like the difficulty in speaking difficulty in swallowing and like what you know like you know this will depend on a specific procedure you want to go you know and another treatment option is I told about the radius for P what a surgery and
chemotherapy now uh Kemosabe uses drugs to kill the cancer cells and the trap is often used along with the radiation from P in treatment for cancer in their last stages you know and certainly most rapid drugs make cancer cells more sensitive already entropy so but combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy increases the side-effects you know and you should discuss with your doctor about the side-effects you know it should make you like fatigue or hair loss and inability and stress and you know multiple factors multiple side effects you know a weakness you know and weight loss
a loss of appetite so Randolph is the targeted drug problem here's another tricky option you know now that target drugs treat throat cancer by taking advantage of specific defects in cancer cells that fuel the cells grow tune then example is like the drug is name is the cetacean baby so also name is lb dogs is one of the total entropy approved further treating the for cancer in certain situations and then this medication stops the action of a protein that is found in main types of healthy cells you know but it's more prevalent in certain types of throat cancers you know and other purgatory drugs are
available and more are being studied in clinical trial V and it can be used alone or in combination with the chemotherapy and radiation therapy no no after the surgery is the rehabilitation phase you know as you know if the part of them that's what is removed then you may have difficulty in swallowing or breathing or speaking you know so during and after the for cancer
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