Today I learned about Molyneux's problem, which asks "a person who is born blind and can distinguish between different geometrical shapes (a sphere, a cube) by means of the sense of touch.
This problem remained unresolved for more than 300 years, until at the beginning of the 2000s scientists were able to experiment with visually impaired people who underwent surgery to restore their vision, and found that the answer was "no".
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molyneux%27s_problem