One of the most common and fatal types of cancer in the world continues to be lung cancer. The most prevalent form of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is characterised by its heterogeneity, needing a wide variety of therapeutic modalities. The identification of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements in this context has opened the door for a ground-breaking method of therapy utilising targeted medicines.