Hello everyone ..The diversity of types of musical works and forms of musical instruments that grow in people's lives have different positions and functions. Music is used as a medium of expression to realize music works called compositions, media for educational activities both at school and outside school, as a medium of communication between ethnic groups and between countries. Various functions of regional music in every aspect of a nation's social life, so that regional music is appropriate and must be preserved as a way of preserving Indonesian culture.
The presence of music in the midst of society has various functions, including individual and social functions. This function is individual, that is, as an expression or expression of the soul and as inner satisfaction for the creator. Social music functions have a major role in various fields of community life, including entertainment, communication, education, trade, military and religious media. In general, traditional music works that have grown and developed in the Indonesian territory have various functions including:
1. How to Ceremony
Music in various regions of the archipelago is closely related to traditional ceremonies such as death ceremonies, marriages, births, and religious and state ceremonies. The sound and tone produced are very supportive of the ceremony. The sound produced by certain instruments or instruments is believed to have supernatural power so that this instrument is used as a means of traditional community activities. Music as a medium to support ceremonial activities, such as the following.
1. Harvest Padi Ceremony (Seren Taun) in West Java, using angklung music.
Music Goong Renteng from Lebakwangi Batukurut village, Pameungpeuk district, West Java, is used specifically for muludan / maulud nabi.
The Merapu ceremony in Sumba, uses sound to summon and lead spirits' departures to sweeping beaches (graves).
The ceremony at Talqin Mayit in the Blubur Limbangan area, Garut, West Java, uses singing / tembang (Cigawiran songs).
Gong Luang Music Bali Province is used to accompany the death ceremony (ngaben).
The Sekatenan ceremony in Cirebon, West Java, uses gamelan music as a support, accompanying washing activities that are considered sacred by the support community.
The music of Karang Dodou from Tanah Siang area, North Barito area, Central Kalimantan is used during certain traditional ceremonies such as bathing babies / giving baby names ("Noka Pati" ceremony), treating people with serious illnesses so that they must be kept / kept.
Sasando Gong music from Rote Island, NTT serves as a dance accompaniment, and as a local traditional ceremony.
Syair Telimaa's music is sung at an official party and a meeting of the relatives of the elders of the Land of Mandalam in Uncok Kapuas (West Kalimantan).
Mapag Dewi Sri ceremony, in Sumedang, West Java, using Tarawangsa music.
Gamelan sandur is a collection of traditional music that becomes a group like the (modern) orchestra in Madura that is used in wedding ceremonies.
Tanjidor is an orchestra in the form of an orchestra which is usually used to give birth to brides.
Gamelan is a musical ensemble found on the islands of Java, Madura, Bali and Lombok. Gamelan is used in formal events such as weddings, thanksgiving, and others.
During the reign of the kingdom in regions in Indonesia, every time a royal guest arrived, they would be welcomed by the accompaniment of traditional music as a welcoming ceremony and as a means to entertain guests.
2. Performance Facility
Music and dance each have a pattern and rhythm that are interconnected. In various regions in Indonesia, sound or music was created by the community to accompany regional dances. Therefore, most regional dances in Indonesia can only be accompanied by their own regional music. The rhythm of music can affect a person's feelings to do a beautiful dance movement. Examples are kecak dance (Bali), Pakarena (Sulawesi) dance, Mendalika dance (West Nusa Tenggara), nagaseuk dance (East Java), Mengaup dance (Jambi), Mensorandat dance (Papua) and others. In general, various kinds of art performance activities that we know, presented with musical accompaniment, are as follows.
- Music as an independent performance art.
- Music serves as an accompaniment to the dance and drama movements that are displayed.
- Music as a dance illustration.
- Music as an illustration of a story, playing.
- Music as a stimulus for dancing.
- Music as accompaniment for puppet shows.
- Music as a setting for drama, soap operas, films, ludruk, drama, lenong, gending karesmen, arja, ketoprak, and others.
3. Communication Media
In some places in Indonesia, certain sounds have special meaning for members of community groups. Generally, sound has a certain rhythm pattern, and is a sign for members of the community of an event or activity. The tools commonly used in Indonesian society are kentongan, drums in mosques, and bells in churches. Music always functions as a communication medium, for example, as follows.
- In an area if someone hears a bell, that is the relationship between incidents to inform the population.
- The sound of drums, for Muslims has become a hallmark as a connection to the coming of prayer.
In addition to using verbal or visual language, inter-ethnic communication relations, even between countries can be done with the art of music. The form of Kergaman and the type of music in the archipelago can be used as an arena for inter-ethnic music collaboration. Thus, the values of unity and unity between countries and openness of communication will be thickened. Through the language of music, song lyrics and music, certain messages can be delivered more beautifully.
During the kingdom, music was used as a means of communication between military leaders and soldiers in battle, this was evident from the drums they carried during the war. The drum sound and rhythm here vary according to the instructions given by the general to the drummer, there is a rhythm to attack, there is a rhythm to survive, and there is a rhythm to retreat.
4. Educational and Information Media
Music has an important role in education and lighting activities. In this case music is used to convey the norms or rules that apply in the community. The explanation intended here is information in understanding government regulations and recommendations. Music as a medium of education and lighting is often found in the following.
- Songs in public service advertisements
- Music and religious songs, as lights of life
- Music as a vehicle to understand applications and socialization of religious values, aesthetic values, social values of society
Among the goals of education is to form noble humans. Philosophically, the point of emphasis is the moral values and objects of the students themselves. Art can be used to guide and educate a person's mental and behavior to change to a better condition, including expanding feelings, being polite, behaving in a gentle, noble and virtuous manner.
Songs in public service advertisements are examples of music functions as lighting media. These songs, for example, contain elections. KB and pregnant women, AIDS and others. In addition to public service advertisements, religious breathing songs are also information media. The music of Qasidah, terbangan and Zapin with songs from the Qur'an is an example.
5. Entertainment Media
Music is one way to get rid of boredom because of daily routines, as well as recreational facilities and meeting places with other residents. If there are music performances in their area, they will flock to places to watch. Music as an entertainment medium can be found in the following music
- Tired release
- Playing games, likes to support children's activities
- Looking for inner pleasure
Music performances are able to create certain conditions that refresh and renew existing conditions. In this case, music enters the psychology of mass excitement which eliminates boredom and boredom that is limited to the routine of life. Through song lyrics and musical accompaniment, we can enjoy its beauty.
Folk songs (folksongs) are widely used as children's play media. For example, the song Cubkak - Cublak Suweng from Central Java, Ampar - Ampar Banana from Kalimantan, Take - Ambilan from West Java, Tanduk Majeng from Madura, and Stork and Pok Ame - Ame from Batawi.
6. Commodity and Expression Media
For professional musicians, music is a means of their economic livelihood. They are appreciated through the work (songs) they make and what they play. Better and more popular musical artwork, the higher the award will be given in both material and moral awards.
In the music industry, musicians work together with the recording industry, they will record their work in cassettes and CDs and sell them to the market. Musicians also perform live performances with income earned from admission tickets, and sponsors. Performances are carried out in other regions of Indonesia or outside Indonesia which can generate income for them.
For music artists, music is a medium to express themselves. Through music, they actualize their potential. Through music too, they express feelings, thoughts, ideas, and ideals about themselves, society, God, and the world. Music as a commodity medium and expression is applied at a later time.
- Business event
- Express / express their feelings, ideas and ideas through music art media, both instrument music and mixed vocal music
- Create, work music
Through music, one can express feelings hidden in his heart. Through the songs he composed, music artists can criticize or protest the conditions in their environment, and can also express their love and admiration for their fellow humans, nature, and the Creator. Music art can be used as a medium of expression that can provide inner satisfaction for the creator.