The steering system of a vehicle is having the following requirements
a - It should be able to turn the vehicle with more mechanical advantage
and less efforts.
b - It should turn the wheel within shortest possible time
c -There should be self-centering action in the steering geometry
d - It should be certain degree irreversible so that the shocks of the
roads surface are not transmitted to the hands of the driver
Types of Steering Gear
a. Worm and wheel steering gear
b. Worm and roller steering gear
c. Worm and sector steering gear
d. Can and lever steering gear
e. Rack and pinion steering gear
f. Re circulating ball steering gear
a. Worm and wheel steering gear
In this type of steering gear box there will be worm at the bottom end
of steering inner column. This worm meshes with a wheel in steering gear box
housing. When steering wheel turned, the steering column revolves and the wheel
is rotated along with it . This causes the drop arm to move and thereby move
drag link and other steering linkages like Tie-rod king pin etc.
b. Worm and roller steering gear
In this steering gear, there will be a worm at the bottom end of inner
column and a roller is there in the steering gear box. When the worm rotates, the
roller which is attached to it also rotates causing the Roller to rotate and there by
moving drop arm.
c. Worm and sector steering gear
In this type of steering gear, there will be a worm at the bottom end of
steering inner column and a part of sector shape is there in the steering gear
housing. The worm meshes with sector and it moves by the rotation of worm
and there by moving drop arm which is attached to it.
d. Can and lever steering gear
In this type of steering gear, a special worm called cam is located at the
end of inner column which it attached to column in the steering gear. When the
worm is rotated, the lever is also moved in the groove provided in the worm.
This causes the lever to swing through an arc.
e. Rack and pinion steering gear
In this steering gear, a pinion is mounted at the end of the steering inner
column. It engages the rack which has ball joints at each end to allow the raise
and fall of the wheels, the rods are connected with ball joints to the sub axles.
The rotary movement of steering wheel turn the pinion which moves the rock
sideways parallel to tie rod.
f. Re circulating ball steering gear
In this steering gear there will be some steel balls in the grooves of
steering inner column which move along with the steering worm. This enables to
control the friction among them and there by reducing noise. It increases the
mechanical advantage of the operator for easy and smooth operation of steering.
