Changing testosterone levels during puberty is associated with greater risk-taking behavior among boys. “Testosterone also interacts in complex ways with dopamine and other hormones that are relevant to ADHD,” Nigg explains. “Thus, we might speculate that boys with ADHD may be more susceptible than other boys to the risk-enhancing elements of pubertal testosterone, and this may be related to greater risk for substance abuse among youth with ADHD.”