Combine harvester - complex cutting unit machine (zhneya-grind), performs a sequence of continuous flow and at the same time: cutting bread (ie plants), feed it to the threshing drum, threshing grain from the ears, separating it from the heap, and other impurities, transporting clean grain in a mechanical hopper and unloading thereof.
One of the most important agricultural machines, capable of performing several different operations. For example, combine harvester cuts the ears, knocks out the wheat spikelets and grains jet cleans the air. Sophisticated machine performs the functions of three prime - reaper, threshing and winnowing.
To combine harvesters available attachments, allowing to collect different crops.
Stems are cut by the cutting unit (2) with the reel (1) is sent to the header platform where the screw (3) transports the cut grain mass to the center of the header and the fingers which are in the central part, pushes a sloped housing (4), which contains conveyor, feeding the stalks into the receiving chamber of the thresher. In the case before the combine threshing drum (6) has a stone trap (5), in which the weight of the bread fall stones. Threshing drum threshing produces ears, threshed grain, chaff and small impurities wake up through the deck (7) in the transporting grate (9). Straw and remaining in it nedomolochenoe grain thrown to walkers (8), where due to the vibration and reciprocating movement keys, as well as their special design separates the wheat from the straw that wakes up in the sieve (11) (crashing). The fan (10) under the sieve air is supplied to the cleaning of grain from light impurities heavier impurities are separated due to vibration sieve. The straw on the straw walker enters the shredder (17) or a stacker (not on the chart, is set instead Flowing). Cleaned grain is poured into a grain auger chamber (15) which feeds the grain into the hopper (16). Tailings in the lattice act on the pallet on which they are poured in Kolosova screw (13), returns to the ears of the threshing drum.
There are also tons. N. rotary combines. They are in contrast to the classical harvester instead of the threshing drum, Impeller and straw set Longitudinal rotor. This solution allows you to increase productivity and reduce grain losses, but requires a more powerful engine and worse working at high humidity. The most efficient use of rotary combines in the fields with a high yield.
Along with the traditional header containing the cutting apparatus of combine harvesters may be aggregated reaper ochёsyvayuschego type. This can significantly increase the productivity of the harvester during harvesting of grains and cereals metёlochnyh under certain conditions.
Grain harvester modified for use in different circumstances and under certain types of grain cleaning. Adaptation can be done through the use of special nozzles or the release of a single model. To work on the soil moisture, especially during rice harvesting, the combine is used instead of the wheeled type tracked chassis. To improve performance, reducing grain loss, as well as when working with highly fragile trudnoobmolachivaemymi or cultures apply double threshing machines, including those with different types of first and second threshing machines. The main type of engine used on harvesters - diesel, which provides the movement and the work of internal systems. working bodies are controlled by a hydraulic system.
Modern appliances, for example, New Holland combine harvesters, along with the function of grain processing, have a robust design, the leveling system for slopes, high capacity grain silo unloading speed and better performance. The special features of modern harvesters include an increased level of comfort for-combiner pilot: a color monitor in the cab with the ability to communicate with the individual harvester systems, management intensive cascade cleaning, control of the return, chopping and wide to spreading straw and chaff in several modes, precise fuel control, low the noise level in the cab, a powerful cooling system, a full overview of the field due to the transparent cabin walls, as well as high-precision yield sensor, humidity sensor, the establishment on the basis of differential global positioning system maps yield (DGPS), software for the desktop software and services to support it , laser system SmartSteer ™ reference harvester on "autopilot", the parallel passage from row to row up to 1-2 cm, solutions for the integrated management system (sensors and controllers).
