Lately we hear a lot of news about events related to Syria: bombings, terrorist attacks, migrants ... but knowing why all this happens is difficult to understand.
This issue is a little controversial due to the magnitude of the facts that transcend the world panorama and that we often ask ourselves why this problem that has claimed many lives, has destroyed a nation and created a worldwide war conflict.
Why is the conflict in Syria?
This region formerly known as Mesopotamia, was the origin of civilization and has been in conflict since ancient times: its strategic position for trade since the times of the Phoenicians, then with Marco Polo and the Silk Road. Currently it is the oil trade that moves the big economic interests.
The Ottoman Empire which existed from the Middle Ages until the First World War, when it lost the war. Two of the winning countries divided it, the United Kingdom stayed with what is now Iraq and Palestine, France Dominated Lebanon and Syria. Russia also wanted its bit, but as it was left out, it made these agreements public, which were secret. The rulers of those countries were told that they were going to help them form a Unified Arab State, but it was not true.
Thirty years later, when the Second World War ends, Europeans leave the region. Israel is founded, home for the Jews (who had no country). This is a source of continuous tensions, meanwhile Baaz is founded, a non-religious movement that tries to achieve the Arab state that has been so longed for.
For the 70s, Baaz took power in Syria. President Hafez Al-Assad brings progress but remains in power for thirty years by repressing his adversaries. When he dies he is succeeded by his son Bashar Al-Assad, who begins with good promises, but, in the face of the democratic demands of the "Arab Spring", he kills and imprisons thousands of people. The Syrian people are angry.
Hafez al-Assad seizes power in an internal Ba'ath Party coup. Assad loyalists are installed in key posts throughout the government. His regime builds up Syria's military and develops a cult of personality around the leader while ruthlessly suppressing internal dissent. But overall living standards rise and Syria experiences a relatively long period of stability
The Syrian people are mostly followers of Islam but under different denominations (Christians, Shiites, Sunnis, Druze, Kurds), most are Sunnis, but those who govern are Shiites, which further angers the majority. This is where the civil war began in Syria, which has caused hundreds of thousands of people to leave the area seeking asylum in other countries and causing the refugee crisis in Europe.
The Syrian people are mostly followers of Islam but under different denominations (Christians, Shiites, Sunnis, Druze, Kurds), most are Sunnis, but those who govern are Shiites, which further angers the majority. This is where the civil war began in Syria, which has caused hundreds of thousands of people to leave the area seeking asylum in other countries and causing the refugee crisis in Europe.
Al-Assad has the support of Russia and China, while the rebels supported by France and the United States, through its allied countries Qatar and Saudi Arabia. To complicate things further and here is the most important thing, the rebels are not all the same: there are various intentions, among them are the radicals Al-Nusra and the Islamic state in Syria and Iraq, known as ISIS. They also want a unified Arab state, in their case a caliphate, but under extreme religious regulation that, among other things, destroys monuments and temples that do not seem adequate, expels and cruelly murders anyone who does not believe in them and now they control several cities, and they have declared war on almost everyone.
To date, a Russian plane has been shot down and they were responsible for the terrorist attacks in Paris that left 130 dead. It is financed by the sale of oil, extortion and the taxes it charges the population. Thanks to its allies in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Cata who are interested in the failure of any democratic attempt like the one that happened in Tunisia.
The conflict not only involves Syria's neighbors and regional powers, but also Western countries and numerous fighters from more than 25 countries.
The Islamic State has grown because it takes advantage of the resentment of the population by the occupation of the United States and the French attacks. Meanwhile, some fight for economic, political and religious control, those who suffer are the civilians who, in France and in Syria, only want to live in peace: according to the UN 220,000 civilians have died in the conflict and at least 1000 of them by the bombings of the United States and Russia.
Social conflicts are often very complex and sensitive issues, so explaining them in a brief reading can be a bit difficult, since some important data are left out. I hope I have made an understandable summary for all about this warlike conflict.
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Bibliography
- http://www.dw.com/en/syria-conflict-what-do-the-us-russia-turkey-and-iran-want/a-41211604
- http://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-involved-in-the-war-in-syria-2013-10
- https://www.mapsofworld.com/around-the-world/syrian-civil-war-2011-and-after.html
- http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-03-09/syria-and-the-assads-timeline/3876706
- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_civil_siria