Figures published Wednesday suggest Mexico is on course to overtake Syria as the most violent country in the world, after murder rates soared thanks to increased fighting among drug cartels, corruption, and the rising demand for opioids in the U.S.
According to the latest monthly government statistics, the murder rate in May was the highest in more than 20 years. Last month, the authorities opened 2,186 murder investigations. Some cases may include multiple homicides, meaning the number of murder victims reported in May was actually 2,452.
In total, Mexico recorded 9,916 murders in the first five months of 2017, roughly a 30 percent increase over the same period last year. Reports say that in states like Guerrero, just south of Mexico City – where drug gangs fight for control of the heroin trade – morgues have been unable to handle the number of corpses.
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), a U.K.-based think tank, claimed in 2016 that Mexico had recorded more than 23,000 homicides, putting it just behind Syria in the list of the world’s most violent countries. The Mexican government questioned the decision to include Mexico in the Armed Conflict Survey, saying “the existence of criminal groups is not a sufficient criterion to speak of a non-international armed conflict.”
Despite this objection, the rate at which homicides are taking place has undoubtedly been increasing. In contrast, the death toll in Syria, which is still in the grip of a bloody civil war, has been on the decline. According to the latest figures from the Violations Documentation Center in Syria, fatalities as a result of the conflict fell from 1171 in May 2016, to 665 in May 2017.
Mexico has been in the grip of a war on drugs since then-president Felipe Calderón came to power in December 2006, immediately deploying tens of thousands of troops onto the streets in an attempt to crack down on drug activity by the cartels. However corruption within the security forces undermined the effort and led to more deaths — leading to public mistrust in the scheme. By the time Calderon left office six years later, his brutal war had seen the murder count soar to well over 20,000 per year.
Current President Enrique Peña Ñieto has taken a different approach, focusing instead on policy issues like infrastructure and the economy. While the murder toll initially subsided slightly, the recent record levels suggests Ñieto’s approach is faltering.
In Mexico, the reason for the increase in violence has been attributed to three major factors:
- Balkanization: While the government has crowed about the capture of high profile cartel kingpins, most notably the capture of Sinaloa cartel leader Joaquin “Chapo” Guzman last year, analysts say this has led to a “balkanization of organized crime in Mexico,” leading to more intense fighting between rival gangs, all eager to fill the power vacuums left when a major player is captured. “Much of the increase in violence is related to the fragmentation of organized crime groups. When leaders are taken out, groups tend to fragment or suffer from battles for leadership,” Tom Long, an international relations professor at the University of Reading, told the Guardian.
- Opioid demand: Mexican drug gangs are trying to meet increased demand for heroin in the U.S. as well as cater for the rapid increase in the use of opioids, a development which has been labelled the worst drug crisis in American history.
- Corruption: Last year, the IISS report attributed some of the blame for the increase in violence to “institutional weakness and pervasive corruption” among government forces. The government has been criticized for its military style approach to dealing with drug gangs, adopting a shoot-first approach, often with little consequence when innocent people are killed.
Cover: ASSOCIATED PRESS
By David Gilbert on Jun 22, 2017