The following is about the bottom-up processing goals and exercise types for the beginning-level listeners (Peterson, 1997 : 93)
- Discriminating between intonation contours in sentences. It focuses on rising and falling intonation.
- Discriminating between phonemes. It focuses on choosing one word that is being spoken.
- Listening for morphological endings. It focuses on a number of verbs that occurs in tenses.
- Recognizing syllable patterns, number of syllables, and word stress.
- Being aware of sentence fillers in formal speech. It focuses on it such as well, I mean, like, you know, and etc.
- Selecting details from the text. It focuses on choosing the answer of question given.
The second one is top-down processing goals and exercise types for the beginning-level listeners (Peterson, 1997 : 94)
- Discriminating between emotional reactions. It focuses on choosing the right answer related to the speaker’s emotion.
- Getting the main idea of a passage.
- Recognizing the topic of the conversation.
The third one is interactive processing goals and exercise types for beginning-level listeners (Peterson, 1997 : 96).
- Using speech features to decide if a statement is formal or informal. It works on the predicting of information given whether it is formal or not.
- Recognizing a familiar word and relate it to a category
- Comparing information in memory with incoming information. It focuses on the first activity by reading one or two sentences, then listening to them on tape to decide if the meaning is the some or different.
- Comparing information that they hear with their own experience. It deals with listening to statements about something. Tell whether their experience are the same or not.
