**What is Leadership?** *Leadership is defined as "a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task." According to authorities, leadership has two dimensions:*
Consideration, which emphasizes good relations.A leader is friendly, approachable, and a good listener.
Initiating structure, which stresses behaviour involved in directing the organization and helping it to define and achieve its goals. This dimension includes the leader’s ability to understand the actions others can act upon.
From this two dimensions, we can conclude that a leader performs three basic functions: organizational; interpersonal; and decisional. These functions are essential in the success of a leader. They are played out in the leader’s actions and in the leader’s relationship with his or her followers.
There are two kinds of leadership: transactional and transformational
Transactional or managerial leadership is a leadership style that promotes compliance with existing organizational norms through supervision and monitored group performance using traditional rewards and punishments. Transactional leadership is an effective strategy for projects that must closely follow standards to succeed. Transactional leaders are also especially effective in times of crisis, such as the supertyphoon Yolanda.
Transactional leadership can be very effective in the right settings. Good coaches of sports teams are transactional leaders. Sports teams operate within rules with very little flexibility, and adherence to organizational norms is the key to their success. Good coaches are able to motivate their team members to play and win.*
Transformational leadership focuses on the followers’ morale and engagement, and attempts to link the followers’ sense of self with organizational values.
We do not have to choose between these two kinds of leadership; instead we should use both of them.
The full range approach of leadership seeks to blend the best aspects of transactional and transformational leadership into one comprehensive approach. In this approach, the leader uses these techniques from transactional leaders: communicates clear expectations of outcomes and rewards; gives rewards and recognition for accomplishments; and actively monitors the followers’ progress and provides supportive feedback. At the same time, the leader, in accordance with transformational leadership, makes interpersonal connections with followers; mentors and coaches others; solicits the followers’ ideas; encourages creativity and individuality; inspires others to perform; and leads by example.
Other Leadership Perspectives
Aside from transactional and transformational leadership, there are other leadership perspectives, namely, moral leadership, servant leadership, shared leadership, and emotional leadership, among others.
Moral or ethical leadership focuses on how leaders use their social power in the decisions they make, actions they engage in, and ways they influece others. An effective leader influences a subordinate’s attitude and values. Thus, a moral leader has moral influence over his or her followers.
Servant leadership is exercised when the leader is destined to work for people and the community. A servant leader looks at what people need and asks how to help people to solve problems.
Shared leadership means that leadership is distributed within a team, and people within that team lead each other.
Emotional leadership is a process that leaders use to influence their followers in a common goal. Leaders in a positive mood can impact their group in a positive way. Charismatic leaders can transmit their emotions and influence followers through "emotional contagion.”
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