A few days ago, the G-20 summit of the powerful nations of the world ended. This conference was presented to the world as a matter of discussion for various reasons. The meeting between US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin was at the centre of the discussion. There were many trolls with them, through social media, some interesting happenings. By all, the commitment of the world leaders to this conference was less important. Let's all know about what happened at this conference.
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√What is G-20?
Before we talk about the G-20 summit, we should know about it. Many people can remember, it is the organization of the 20 countries of the world. But the fact is, it is the world's 19 countries and a regional organization forum called 'Group of 20' in English. From there, the G-20 has been named. The regional organization is the European Union (EU). Although a member of the European Union is a member of G-20 individually These coalition states own about 80 per cent of the world's GDP. About two-thirds of the world's people live in these countries.
This international forum was established in 1999 through the G-7 conference. The Heads of State meet this every year to discuss various issues related to global trade, climate change, terrorism and immigration. Also, the conference of the finance ministers and central bank governors was held.
√G-20 member countries
- Argentina, 2. Australia, 3 Brazil, 4. Canada, 5 China, 6 France, 7 Germany, 8. India, 9. Indonesia, 10 Italy, 11 Japan, 12 Mexico, 13 Russia, 14. South Africa, 15 Saudi Arabia, 16 South Korea, 17 Turkey, 18 United Kingdom, 19 United States and 20 European Union (represented by the European Council)
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√How did the G-20 journey begin?
In 1999, the G-20 started with a conference of EU and 19 central bank governors and finance ministers in Berlin in Germany.
In 2008, US President George W. Bush invited the head of state and government heads to attend the conference to discuss the global economic crisis. The government or the state chiefs attended the conference held in Washington DC that year. From then on every year, they attended the summit and discussed global issues.
Before the conference was held once a year since 2008, the finance minister and the governors twice held meetings every year before that.
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√Those who attended the annual summit of 2017
The European Union (EU) representative was scheduled to attend this year's conference with the governments or state heads of 19 countries. But Saudi Arabia's King Salman Bin Abdul Aziz did not attend the conference. Instead, Ibrahim Abdul Aziz al-Asaf joined.
In addition to representatives of the European Union and the finance ministers, representatives from different international organizations have participated in this. This includes the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization.
Apart from Norway, Singapore, the Netherlands, the African Union, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization and the New Partnership for African Development.
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√Which topics have been discussed?
The main agenda of this year was the economic growth of the developing and emerging economic countries, international trade and regulations and global issues. Among them, climate change, development policy, labour market and worker policy, the spread of digital technology, anti-terrorism, women's economic empowerment, health, immigration and refugees, corruption prevention and suppression and North Korean missile exams.
√Does the G20 decision become law?
No, there is no legal obligation to implement those agreements that are signed in the G-20 forum or to decide. But these decisions have the effect of making the policies of the countries.
√Why did the protest before the G-20 conference?
Procession and meeting in opposition to the G-20 conference are not new. Those who oppose globalization, have also come to the streets to protest this conference this year. Protesters mainly oppose the global capitalist system. G-20 agenda is one of the main reasons for the global economic inequality and climate change policy.
Protesters did not protest peacefully. Vandalized vehicles and set fire on the road. A police attack was carried out by Rod. They also threw firebombs. Pepper Spray Ozlakman was used to disperse protesters. 160 police officers were injured in this. Police also arrested many protesters.
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√This year's G-20 summit will be achieved
★1. Free Trade
Participants of the conference have firmly believed in maintaining the free trade system. They stress the importance of inclusive growth so that all states can benefit from globalization.
The World Trade Organization has been asked to set up an international trade mechanism through a set of rules and regulations. The industry has also been emphasized on the elimination of monopoly business in the steel industry, especially in the steel industry. It is about to finalize a report by November next.
★2. Paris agreement
All countries except the United States have agreed to comply with the Paris Treaty to prevent climate change. To this end, they have adopted the 'G-20 Hamburg Climate and Energy Action Plan' for growth.
★3. Partnership with Africa
To meet the goal of sustainable economic development, agreed to work with the G-20 and African countries to increase cooperation, the conference participants agreed. The relationship between them will be developed in the light of the Africa Agenda Agenda 2063.
★4. The fight against terrorism
Under the United Nations Framework, the G-20 states will increase further cooperation among themselves. Interpol to provide information to each other to eliminate terrorism. 'Financial Action Task Force' will be activated to reduce the financing of terrorists. G-20 members expect communication service providers to quickly remove information from terrorists online.
★5. Digitalization Roadmap
By 2025, they agreed to cooperate with the G-20 countries in order to include all the people in the digital world. Germany has proposed nine plans to implement the '# eSkills4Girls' initiative.
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★6. Improvement in international financial market regression
'Hamburg Work Plan' has been adopted to ensure stability in the financial market. They also emphasized the global fair tax regime.
★7. Implementation of the sustainable development agenda
The G-20 states will work to implement the sustainable development agenda by 2030. Their work plan has also been linked to this issue, which is known as 'Hamburg Update'. It has been mentioned in the update how much G-20 states are working to achieve sustainable development goals.
★8. Epidemic and antimicrobial
The G-20 states agree that due to epidemics, the stability of the global economy may be lost. This is the first time G-2 health ministers meetings have been held for the first time. There they decided that arrangements will be made to prevent an epidemic of the World Bank. The conference has also decided to fight against antimicrobial resistance.
★9. Cooperation in women entrepreneurs in developing countries
G-20 states will form a multilateral fund to support women entrepreneurs in developing countries. Under the World Bank, the fund will be formed initially with 325 million US dollars.
★10. Discussing the root causes of displacement
G-20 has insisted on finding out the root cause of human displacement or being deported from the country. The importance of strengthening ties with the countries from which the migrants migrate and the countries which use it as transit has been stressed. The decision has been taken to work on migrant and refugees under the UN framework.
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√And what happened at this conference?
Before the conference began, US Presidency Donald Trump had met Russian President Vladimir Putin. After being elected, he met Putin earlier this year. The main point of their discussion was that in the US presidential elections last year, Russian intervention through hacking.
After the trump-Putin meeting, they agreed to a war break in Syria. Russian President Putin said that "the United States is slowly becoming more realistic."
China's President Xi Jinping meeting with the trump was also a topic discussed outside this conference. Their meeting emphasized the need to reduce the North Korean nuclear test. In the meeting, Xinjiang also offered to visit the two defence ministers.
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√Where will the next conference of G-20 be held?
The next G20 summit will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina's capital, in 2016. The conference is going to be the first South American continent to be organized by organizing the 13th International Conference.
We will have to wait until the conference in 2018 to see how much the world leaders will decide in this conference and how much evaluation will be done in the next conference. We are waiting for the conference to be held in South America.
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