1 - They Don’t Want To
The first reason, is that most scientists have no desire to get into politics. Scientists generally pursue their career path because they love what they do. Today, politicians must fully commit to their pursuit of public office, often abandoning(at least temporarily) their chosen career field.
Scientists are also experts. They dedicate a significant portion of their time to studying one particular aspect of nature, then they contribute to their field by attempting to prove or disprove claims. This process works in gradual and specific steps. During a scientific conference, one can observe the careful steps a scientist will take when presenting claims. They are quick to admit when they speculating in the slightest, knowing there is someone else in the room who will is more knowledgeable on any particular topic.
This process seems almost alien in political discourse. One reason, is the scope of problems. Politicians deal with broad topics that can be interpreted in a variety of ways. An electorate is not exactly a diversified panel of experts either. Though there are experts in fields of economics, political science, and so on, there seems to be no specific, or more than one, objective approach to solving public problems. While many scientists are capable of handling broad problems using skills in reasoning and problem solving, science itself says more about what is, than what should be.
Making claims about reality in politics requires some level of ignorance, hoping for the best outcome based on the information one has. Scientists prefer to study the data personally and remain modest about truth claims. They may be skeptical to committing to policy that is not supported by a body of research without consensus.
2 - Value Judgments Are Not Perceived to Be Scientific Pursuits
Historically, scientists have been content with presenting the world with their findings and leaving the decision of how to use this information, for society. Though generally welcomed by the public, scientific communicators like Carl Sagan, Neil DeGrasse Tyson, and Bill Nye, have been criticized by the scientific community for overstepping their bounds. A clear sense of duty to the truth is firmly ingrained in the scientific community. Without the clear evidence that hard sciences can provide, claims in the humanities can be viewed as more subjective than objective, and therefore is out of the realm for scientific claims. Being informed about scientific facts that influence value judgments is important but it is not the only thing that is important. It is important to note however, that scientists are people too. They may be influenced by the norms of science, but not bound to them.
3 - Scientists Are Controversial
Scientists themselves are not all that controversial, but scientific truth claims often are. Politicians rely on influence and sometimes gaining that influence requires supporting unscientific claims or casting doubt on scientific consensus. As strange as it may sound, our government is structured to elect leaders who represent the people and not necessarily the truth. Americans even have the freedom to be wrong, and to make it public policy. It is the job of the voters to be informed and to then elect their representatives based on that understanding. In a society that is largely unaware of natural human biases and not specifically trained to mitigate them, science and popular opinion often collide. They are especially confrontational on issues regarding religion and other non-intuitive facts about climate change or vaccine effectiveness.
4 - Disagreement and the Two Party System
While it is true that scientists, when they have run in the past, have almost always done so behind one of two parties. The scientific community reveals partisan only on issues where there are competing empirical claims and ideas among groups often overlap, unlike political parties. In some cases there are two models that compete to best explain observations. In other cases there may be more. How can a politician’s views on abortion or climate change can be a reliable predictor of their economic policy prescriptions? What do these issues, and many others like them, have in common? It is hard to imagine scientists in politics becoming entirely devoted to any single party that uses a dogmatic approach.
A Solution?
While bringing scientists into congress seems to be a great idea, it is not a fix all solution. These scientists have to be skilled and more importantly (especially in U.S. politics) confident in their broad, not specific, knowledge base. There are plenty of scientists who are capable of doing the job, fewer are confident enough to think they can do it properly. Most scientist chose their profession because that is their passion in life. So why do anything else? Some scientists, especially given the recent political climate in the United States, feel it is time to speak out. Tracy Van Houten is a NASA aerospace engineer who works at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, decided to run for the 34th Congressional District in California. She gave an interview to The Atlantic, where she commented:
I agree that ideally, our STEM workforce should be focused on solving the problems of the world. I think all of us would probably much prefer to stay in our own domains and make change there. But unfortunately, that’s not working for us very well. We can’t say that science doesn’t have a place in politics. Politics has dragged us in.
John Allen Paulos, a professor of mathematics at Temple University, explains a less direct influence science should have on politics. He would like to see political candidates tested in areas of critical thinking and problem solving. Some changes he would like to see in debate structures, as stated in a recent New York Times article:
To avoid receiving the candidates’ canned responses on these and other issues, I sometimes wish that a debate moderator would forgo a standard question about immigration or jobs and instead ask the candidates to solve a simple puzzle, make an elementary estimate, perform a basic calculation.
Ultimately the goal should not to elect a scientific team to lead the nation, but rather an informed and capable one. We need experts that bring the best critical thinking and problem solving from a multi-disciplinary approach. Scientists, engineers, technologists, economists, teachers, artists, etc, should all embrace the most accurate view we have of objective reality in creating new policy. To paraphrase Carl Sagan, we don’t want to live in a world based on science and technology, of which the public knows nothing about. Having a scientifically literate public encourages similar representatives. It provides an intellectual toolbox to analyzing our most pressing issues and should be pursued over all else.
Sources:
The Atlantic Article: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/02/nasa-tracy-van-houten/517335/
New York Times Article:
https://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/13/why-dont-americans-elect-scientists/?_r=0