Source of image of pixabay
There Are two big classes of methods, which I will exhibit as example continuing, the method of investigation or heuristic, which there is not known yet the result and the method of education or didactically, where this case is a question of transmitting a few truths with the biggest order and the biggest possible clarity. The heuristic method used in any scientific investigation, which splits in turn into a generic part and in another part that concerns the peculiarity of every scientific knowledge, the generic part understands four such big procedures as: the definition, the division, the classification and the demonstration, in the methods of every science, it is necessary to distinguish the specific procedures used in the experimental fields of the mathematics, the science and the social sciences.
As for the general methods of the sciences, the first one of the common methods to the whole science it is that of the definition, for which it is a question of knowing exactly the compression and the extension of a concept, one distinguishes two big classes of definitions, to dominate it which establishes the meaning of an unknown word and the real one who says what a thing indicating his parts, his properties, his ways of acting, his origin or causes. Any definition must fulfill a series of requisites, first of all it is necessary to think, that it is necessary to be clear and brief, what there demand that the defined not between in the definition and that this one does not get longer in a confused way, it must be also suitable, which means that it has to convert to the definite and alone thing them excluding any possible ambiguity.
Source of image of pixabay, some sciences need from slow and complex studies of field, since it is the case of the archaeologist, who studies the past across the monuments and objects that have come up to us
Later the definition must do beginning for the genre next and finished in the specific difference, of such form I will exhibit the following example, the definition of triangles begins, that is a polygon and ends up by affirming that this one takes three sides as a specific difference. The second one of the general methods of the sciences is that of the division or also of the operations for that everything decomposes in his parts, the division can be a logic and then it allows to enumerate the species, which are contained in a genre and for the same it makes possible in establishing a subordination of the concepts, but if the division can be a Physics, the decomposition recounts to everything whose parts are different actually and only one in the merely formal aspect, since it happens with the logical division.
Also the division must fulfill a series of requisites, which debit be irreducible, which he wants to say that every part has to exclude necessarily the others in definition, that's why it must be finished so that the resultant sum of the parts is equal to everything, continuing must be proceeded by them by criterion that is only.
Page 262 of Vegetable staticks of Stephen Hales, source of image of mastery of Wikimedia Commons, Author: Stephen Hales In this botanical illustration of previous centuries, it is a bue example of classification in this case of plants they were arranged in a systematical and alphabetical way.
The third one of the general methods of the sciences is the classification, although partly it coincides with the division, since everything supposes equally the distribution of, it is a specific method, since it implies an arrangement of the parts not contained in the division. As scientific procedure, the classification allows to group of tidy form objects, which possess together certain characters, it is particularly important in the methodology used in the sciences of the life, this does that one distinguishes two big types of classification, native, who is that the study of the alive beings arranges the characters of same in domineering and subordinates I dress in an artificial way.
Source of image of pixabay, the demonstration departing from a complex reasoning drives to a true conclusion, in a rational and experimental way as it is the case of the technology associated with the science they are evolved, by means of demonstration.
As for The method of the demonstration or form of complex reasoning, that dividing of true beginning, where he drives to a true conclusion, Aristóteles named to the demonstration scientific syllogism, since his that is requirements of departing from a cause clear and true to come to a real conclusion. The demonstration rests on definitions, axioms and postulates, which they can be several classes, first of all differs between a rational demonstration and a mental demonstration, as it bases on knowledge extracted from the experience, also it can be priori or to posteriori, in the first case the effects are demonstrated across the causes, the second one when one proceeds on the contrary, finally the demonstration can be direct or indirect, in an ascending and descending way, as use analytical or synthetic procedures.
Secondhand Bibliography
Introduction Al Estudio Del Scientific Knowledge per Second Galicia Sánchez - 2005.
Methodology of the scientific and technological investigation for José Cegarra Sánchez - 2011.
The Scientific Global Method for José Tiberius - 2016.
