Rice is a type of food crop that has an important role as a world food crop. Rice as a producer of rice is classified as a kind of grass (Poaceae). The increasing demand for rice has made the role of rice so important, especially in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with the main food of rice and the biggest consuming of rice Amen one of the challenges that arise in rice cultivation is the decrease in land productivity due to the application of cultivation methods that do not pay attention to environmental factors and are not sustainable.
Continuous land use can make land use decline in the supply of various nutrients needed by plants. There are various ways to increase land productivity. But the application of good and right cultivation is a basic requirement in increasing crop productivity, especially rice.
QUALITY SEEDS
Seed quality is the key to success in rice cultivation. Quality seeds are able to adapt, have fast and uniform growth, grow faster, and have high productivity value. The selection of quality seeds can be done easily, namely by soaking the seeds in a salt solution using the egg indicator. Place the egg at the bottom of the water and add salt until the egg is raised on the surface. Then the eggs are taken and enter the rice seeds. Floating seeds are removed.
FRIENDS
Seedlings can be seeded 25 days before planting. The place for nurseries is attempted to be the same or not too far from the land to maintain the freshness of the transfer process. The most important thing to note is that drainage must be good so that the seeds are not excess water. The land is made of beds and hoeed until there are no more chunks of land. The seeds should be soaked before planting for 2 x 24 hours to be able to absorb water maximally for the initial germination process. Before sowing the land given a little organic fertilizer for nutrient supplies. Seeds that have germinated are spread evenly, but do not sink because they can cause pathogenic infections in the seeds. The next civil code is to return organic fertilizer after the nursery is 1 week old.
LAND PROCESSING
Land processing aims to change the physical properties of the soil so that the layers that were hard become data and muddy. This will make the weeds die and rot into humus, aerating the soil becomes good, the underground layer becomes saturated with water which can save water. Two weeks before processing the land should be given organic material in the form of manure 2 tons / ha and straw compost 5 tons / ha evenly on the land. Land processing can be done with 2 plows and 1 time rake to get optimal processed results.
PLANTING
There are various ways of planting rice, but it is more recommended by planting jajar legowo 2: 1 (40 x (20 x 10) cm. This method of planting will provide a large population with higher production compared to conventional methods in general. the advantage of this method of planting is to facilitate maintenance, easy to regulate water in and out because there is empty space, suppress attacks of pests and diseases because they tend to be brighter, and save on fertilizer costs.
MAINTENANCE
The maintenance phase consists of weeding, irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. Weeding is by controlling weeds that grow to reduce the level of competition with rice. Irrigation is to fulfill rice water needs both in terms of quantity and quality, if deficiencies can be carried out irrigation and if excess can make drainage. Fertilization is the most important maintenance resistant, namely the provision of nutrients both macro and micro to meet plant nutrient needs. Fertilization must be carried out in a balanced manner and most importantly it is adjusted to the needs of the plants and the availability of nutrients in the soil. Pest and disease control is also important to get optimal results. Control must be carried out naturally and sustainably in accordance with pests and diseases faced.
HARVEST
Harvesting can be done when almost all rice grains turn yellow which is usually 33-36 days after rice flowering. How to harvest can be done manually using a sickle by cutting the base of the stem or by reaper harvester to save time. Harvesting is carried out simultaneously in one field to reduce the risk of being attacked by pests.
POST-HARVEST
Is the stage in determining the quality that will be made into rice ready for consumption. The stage of storing the harvest is also an important element so that the quality is maintained, such as placing the crop in a place that is not too moist and immediately to be processed.