The idol of the cave - stems from the peculiar spiritual and bodily nature of each individual and from perception, habits and living conditions. Man misleads his / her views, this can be overcome by comparing individual judgments with collective ones. They also have a positive side, thanks to which they are making progress.These two idols are innate and less dangerous to the knowledge of the acquired idols, the fruit of the social environment.
Idol in the market - The use of names for non-existent things, misconduct caused by public opinion, communication, misapplication of words - can be neutralized by correct definitions, but not completely, accurately defining the terms, eliminating the arbitrariness of words. Idol of the Theater - Misleading, inspired by the belief formed at the emotional-empirical level, naive spontaneous faith. This idol supposedly generalizes all idols, a reference to the authority of the shared faith.Error - Freud discovers the existence of the subconscious sphere in a person's soul life as a result of an analysis of human errors. Man makes involuntary omissions, sometimes uses inaccurate words in one or another situation, misinterprets the text read by him. These are still varieties of error that are allowed unconsciously. In fact, the error is true or false with certain characteristics. We will get an error from the truth if we remove at least one of its characteristics, i. some kind of compliance. The same goes for the untruth. It becomes an error when we find at least one kind of match.
Lie - Lie is considered to be the highest property of the human brain, because it provides for the creation of two situations - real and false. Not always lies lie at once in speech, but all peoples have the saying that the legs are short. There is a technology of asking questions about exposing, and an experienced linguist can figure out what response is being detected. Tensions in the brain are very large when there is a fictional situation and these tensions can tell when a person is lying.Lie is a social phenomenon that occupies an important part of public relations and interpersonal communication. There is no one who does not lie to one degree or another. The problem of lie has many dimensions, it occupies an important part in the social life of a person, in his consciousness, in philosophical-ethical and religious teachings, in sciences such as ethics, logic, psychology.
Its essence is sought in the moral field, in the moral of relations. There are many different treatments for the lie. One of the definitions is what Professor Leon Levy gives: "The lie is a deliberate inconsistency (or contradiction) between what a person has said and what he is actually convinced, what he knows, thinks, believes or feels." The lie is multifaceted and fairly widespread phenomenon, one of the massive means of manipulation. With it, one can achieve many of the goals set, succeed in overcoming obstacles on their way to success, but it is quite possible to fail and lose the confidence of the people who so far believed in it."It's easier to believe a lie you've heard a thousand times than the truth you hear for the first time" Robert Lind