Programs of Enlightenment usually refer to works such as Rousseau's "Emil or Raising", Lessing's Nathan Sage, Volter's Candid, and Robinson Cruzo by Defoe. But Gulliver, the first brilliant satire in the history of mankind, can certainly be attributed to them. The first novel, in which, in an unusual way, the unmatched ones are combined - the Satira and the Fantasy, the satirical and the fantastic. The freedom of narrative is reflected not only in the unusual storyline but also in the evaluations of the characters for society and the laws in it, in their assessments of the beautiful and the ugly. In the second part of the novel, Gulliver falls to the giants. It is noteworthy that Broddingagia is conceived as a utopia - though quite ironic. Still, there is no Lilliputian political corruption.
Gulliver was found by a farmer, 22 meters tall, who treats him as a rarely wild little animal and shows him to others for money. He then redeems the King, who leaves him the favorite in his palace. Among the small, but dangerous to his life, adventures - such as the fight with the giant bee, the jumping of the roof in the monkey's paws, etc. - our hero is discussing with the King the government offices in Europe. And the King is very impressed with his stories. The parable here is to the direct exposition of the English social and political system. With this controversy and these statements, Swift goes out of his time and becomes poetic at all times, even to this day. Here the present is perceived as the highest value, and in turn it is conquered by the spirit of citizenship and expresses a new worldview of the critical attitude towards the world.
The path of travel in the novel - fantasy and fantastic
The next trip is to Liliputia . It's a flying station that even Jules Verne himself can envy. The science of Liliputia 's inhabitants has been abducted and meaningless - they have been trying for many years to extract sunlight from cucumbers, calcify ice in gunpowder, and so on. And finally, Gulliver's last trip is in the country of the hinnies. And here the author is forced to tell again about absurd wars and confused lawsuits. Some part of the author stays here, with us, and watches his character with a sly mockery. Yes, human nature is full of disgraceful examples of weakness but is it enough for us to try to become talking horses? In all parts of his book, Swift remains faithful to a single motive - the motive for the road. This is also one of the most sustainable motives in all of the world literature. Often, writers present life itself as a journey in order to gain knowledge and experience. At the heart of the motif of the road is an interesting perspective - the possibility that the world and the traveler may influence each other and the reader will be able to see the changes in both countries. A striking example of this is the novel "Gulliver's Travels". The "home-path" opposition opens readers with new moments of enlightenment ideology. Liliputia and the Giant are the places to test the power and possibilities of human reason and spiritual elevation. Art does not repeat reality but engages in special, aesthetic relationships with it. It is then that the reader asks what is vital and what is the righteous righteousness, in what proportion are they to each other and what is stronger with Jonathan Swift - realistic or fantastic?
Where did you hear and see a man be as large as a pin or vice versa - long 22 meters long? This is a reality that introduces us to Swift. All this is a fiction, fantasy, but beautiful, wonderful, without which the artistic reality would be impossible. The reality in this book is fantastic, fantastic. "Fantasy" means creating characters, situations, relationships that are impossible at all by the laws of nature. Aristotle, her poetics, points out that poetry has a "philosophical" generalizing character because it does not copy the real phenomena, but creates new images "in probability and necessity." Jonathan Swift appears with his new art, and then man becomes a lillipu, then a giant. Of course, it's a fantasy, a complete breakthrough of creative fantasy. But it is precisely it that leads us to a deeper, deeper revelation of the hidden essences of life; it conveys ideas that ultimately derive from objective reality. Fantastic and improbable are the Gulliver paintings with their characters and themes, but what deep insights fill it, what a philosophical intrusion into nature, society and human psychology is hidden in it! This is why today, after so many millennia, it continues to be an inexhaustible source of wisdom and knowledge.