BIOSENSOR! a life saving device

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Biosensor was first discovered by a professor named Leland c Clark jnr. Which is known to be the father of biosensor. This biosensor was named after him,during American Society for Artificial organs meeting. In 1956 a man named Clark wrote on oxygen electrode, Clark note on oxygen electrode leads to an experiment done where oxygen electrode was able to entrap glucose oxidase, which is use to produce a biosensor using a layer of glucose oxidase.

In 1963 Garry A.Rechnitz and s.Katz produced a first thin paper which is use to estimate the level of urea. During this time a name "biosensor" has not been introduced.

In 1976 a microbe based biosensor was produced why in 1977 a man named Karl Cammann coined the word biosensor.

mechanism of biosensor

Biosensor is a device use to save life, it works to detect a defect in the body, most especially in early disease. The invention of this device has lead to a decrease in mortality rate and serves as a life saver. Biosensor comprises of four components which includes,analyte,Bioreceptor,transducer and electronics.

Bioreceptor is a part of the biosensor that detects the analyte. This bioreceptor can be enzyme, probe or DNA. Bioreceptor is designed in a way it can combine with the analyte effectively in order for the transducer to give effective measurement.

It can also serve as an antibody-antigen interaction where antigen combines with antibody to give out agglutination or as an enzymatic interaction where an enzyme helps to detect a large number of analyte.

Analyte is a fluid substance obtained from the body like urine and blood which is introduced into the bioreceptor for interpretation of results.

Coming to transducer, when this analyte are introduced into the bioreceptor,transducer converts the chemical substances into electronic signal which can now be observe using electronic device.

Haven't understood this mechanism, biosensor has a lot to do in science because with biosensors diseases can be detected to prevents it toxic effect.

There are different types of biosensor but I am going to be talking on microbial biosensors,these biosensors are ozone biosensor and metastatic cancer cell biosensor.

Ozone biosensor

Ozone biosensor is a type of biosensor that detects the level of ultraviolet radiation that penetrate the ozone layer. This discovery was suggested when they discovered holes in the ozone layer.

This experiment was made using a thin plastic bags that contains bacteria called Escherichia coli ,to detect the rate of bacteria death, both the one present in the plastic bags and the one exposed. This helps to identity the quantity of ultraviolet light that reaches the ground.

Metastatic cancer cell biosensor

This is a biosensor use to detect the rate by which cancer spreads in the body system, this is done using imaging test to take Internal pictures and to detect the presence of cancer. This also can be use to detect the rate at which malignant tumor proliferate.

Application of biosensor

Biosensor are applied in the detection of cancer. Most time cancer detection during its early stage helps for an easy treatment of its effect.

When it proliferate beyond normal,this cancer can lead to a severe problem which may result to removal of a particular tissue or organs of the body.

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Also this is use in identification of heart failure that may result In early life of an individual so that it can be treated before it leads to heart problem.
Another place where biosensor can be applied is in the measurement of glucose level in the body in order to prevent the occurrence of diabetes mellitus.

Biosensor can also be use in detection of urinary tract infection and identification of pathogens in the body.

Biosensor as a point of care testing

Biosensor is a device design for its use in point of care testing, take for example glucose biosensor device which is design to test for glucose level is what is known as point of care testing.

Point of care testing is a device produced, that can be used at home for diagnostic testing near the patient. Point of care testing helps to minimize the rate at which people visits the hospital.
Examples of this point of care testing device are blood glucose meter and urine dipsticks. The use of this device helps to check for the level of many factors such as blood pressure and glucose level so that it can prevent the person from visiting hospital to seek for medical attention which can be easily analyze at home.

Benefits of point of care testing

Points of care testing helps to manage chronic conditions which might require going to the hospital everyday.
It also enable the patient to make decision on his health issue concerning how he/she can be treated.

Another underlying benefit is reduction in the cost of transport to the hospital.

Conclusion

Biosensor is a life saving device. Manufacturing of this device made a lot of way in the field of medicine. This device has considered to be the major device that helps in the early detection of cancer and heart diseases.

Biosensor has also reduced the mortality rate in the country and has served as a break through researchers have made so far.

With the help of this device l hopefully believe that mortality rate will go down in the world.

Refrences

1,Biosensor history~scind
2,Microbial biosensor~wikipedia
3,Mechanism of biosensor~Edge