LeoGlossary: Movie (Film)

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A movie, also called a motion picture or film, is a work of visual art that tells a story through moving images. Movies are typically created by recording a series of images on film or digitally, and then projecting them onto a screen in rapid succession. This creates the illusion of movement, and allows the filmmaker to tell a story in a way that is both visually and emotionally engaging.

Movies can be fiction or non-fiction, and they can be created for a variety of purposes, including entertainment, education, and propaganda. Movies can be short or long, and they can be made with a wide range of budgets.

Here are some of the key elements of a movie:

• Story: The story is the core of any movie. It is what drives the plot, introduces the characters, and creates the conflict.
• Characters: The characters are the people who inhabit the story world. They can be realistic or fictional, and they can be complex or simple.
• Setting: The setting is the time and place in which the story takes place. It can be real or imaginary, and it can play an important role in the story.
• Plot: The plot is the sequence of events that takes place in the story. It is typically driven by the characters' actions and goals.
• Dialogue: The dialogue is the spoken conversation between the characters. It can be used to reveal character, advance the plot, or create humor.
• Cinematography: The cinematography is the art of photographing and assembling moving images. It can be used to create different moods and atmospheres, and to tell the story in a visually compelling way.
• Editing: The editing is the process of assembling the footage shot by the cinematographer. It is used to create the final rhythm and flow of the movie.
• Music and sound effects: Music and sound effects can be used to enhance the emotional impact of a movie, and to create a sense of realism.

Movies can be a powerful and moving experience. They can transport us to different worlds, introduce us to new characters, and teach us about different cultures. Movies can also make us laugh, cry, and think. They are a truly unique and powerful art form.

Origins

The origins of movies can be traced back to the late 19th century, when a number of inventors developed devices that could capture and project moving images. Some of the earliest pioneers of cinema include:

• Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904): Muybridge was a British photographer who developed the zoopraxiscope, a device that could project moving images in rapid succession.
• Étienne-Jules Marey (1838-1904): Marey was a French scientist who developed the chronophotographic gun, a camera that could take up to 12 frames per second.
• Thomas Edison (1847-1931): Edison invented the kinetoscope, a peep show device that could show moving images to one person at a time.
• Auguste and Louis Lumière (1862-1954): The Lumière brothers invented the cinématographe, a device that could capture, project, and print moving images.
• The Lumière brothers are credited with the first public screening of movies, which took place on December 28, 1895 in Paris, France. The program included a number of short films, such as Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat and Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory.

In the early years of cinema, movies were mostly short and silent yet as technology improved, movies became longer and more complex. The first feature-length film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, was released in Australia in 1906.

The introduction of sound in the late 1920s revolutionized the movie industry. The first "talkie", The Jazz Singer, was released in 1927. Sound films quickly became the norm, and silent films were phased out.

The 1930s and 1940s are often referred to as the Golden Age of Hollywood. During this time, the major studios produced a number of classic films, such as Gone with the Wind, Casablanca, and Citizen Kane.

The 1950s and 1960s saw the rise of new genres of film, such as science fiction, horror, and spaghetti westerns. During this time, there was also a growing movement of independent filmmakers who were creating more experimental and challenging films.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Hollywood blockbusters became increasingly popular. These films were typically big-budget productions with special effects and star-studded casts. Some of the most popular blockbusters from this era include Star Wars, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park.

Movies have come a long way since the days of the Lumière brothers. Today, they are a global entertainment industry that produces thousands of films each year. It is now an industry that generates billions of dollars in revenue.

For much of the last century, this industry was dominated by Hollywood. This became the epicenter for both film and television production. While New York enjoyed some of the latter. the majority of films (close to 90% at one point), were produced by Hollywood film studios.

Genres

Here is a list of the more common genres:

• Action: films that feature exciting and suspenseful scenes of violence and conflict. Examples of action films include Top Gun, Mission: Impossible, and Mad Max: Fury Road.

• Adventure: films that feature characters embarking on exciting and dangerous journeys. Examples of adventure films include The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, and Indiana Jones and Raiders of the Lost Ark.

• Comedy: films that are designed to make the audience laugh. Examples of comedy films include Bridesmaids, The Hangover, and Monty Python and the Holy Grail

• Drama: films that explore serious and emotional themes. Examples of drama films are Nomadland, Parasite, and The Shawshank Redemption.

• Fantasy: films that feature magical elements and supernatural creatures. Examples of fantasy films include The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, and Avatar.

• Horror: films that are designed to scare the audience. Examples of horror films include The Shining, The Exorcist, and Alien

• Mystery: films that feature a puzzle or enigma that needs to be solved. Examples of mystery films include Knives Out, The Maltese Falcon, and The Sixth Sense

• Romance: films that focus on romantic relationships. Examples of romance films include The Notebook, Titanic, and Casablanca.

• Science fiction: films that feature futuristic or fantastical [echnologies). Examples of science fiction films include 2001: A Space Odyssey, Blade Runner, and Star Wars: A New Hope.

• Thriller: films that are designed to keep the audience in suspense. Examples of thriller films include Se7en, The Silence of the Lambs, and Gone Girl.

• Western: films set on the American frontier and tend to be based between 1849 and 1890. They can be from periods outside this range although this is the primary focus of this genre. Examples of westerns include Unforgiven, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, and The Outlaw Josey Wales.

Top 10 Grossing Movies (All Time)

This is a list of the top hits at the box office.

Rank	Film	Revenue	Yr of Release
1	Avatar	$2,923,706,026	2009
2	Avengers: Endgame	$2,797,501,328	2019
3	Avatar: The Way of Water	$2,320,250,281	2022
4	Titanic	$2,257,844,554	1997
5	Star Wars: The Force Awakens	$2,068,223,624	2015
6	Avengers: Infinity War	$2,048,359,754	2018
7	Spider-Man: No Way Home	$1,921,847,111	2021
8	Jurassic World	$1,671,537,444	2015
9	The Lion King	$1,656,943,394	2019
10	The Avengers	$1,518,815,515	2012

American Film Institute (AFI) Top 100 Films

Film	Release year	Director	Production companies	1998 Rank	2007 Rank
Citizen Kane	1941	Orson Welles	RKO Radio Pictures	1	1
Casablanca	1942	Michael Curtiz	Warner Bros. Pictures	2	3
The Godfather	1972	Francis Ford Coppola	Paramount Pictures, Alfran Productions	3	2
Gone with the Wind	1939	Victor Fleming	Selznick International Pictures	4	6
Lawrence of Arabia	1962	David Lean	Horizon Pictures	5	7
The Wizard of Oz	1939	Victor Fleming	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	6	10
The Graduate	1967	Mike Nichols	Lawrence Turman	7	17
On the Waterfront	1954	Elia Kazan	Horizon-American Pictures	8	19
Schindler's List	1993	Steven Spielberg	Amblin Entertainment	9	8
Singin' in the Rain	1952	Gene Kelly, Stanley Donen	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	10	5
It's a Wonderful Life	1946	Frank Capra	Liberty Pictures	11	20
Sunset Boulevard	1950	Billy Wilder	Paramount Pictures	12	16
The Bridge on the River Kwai	1957	David Lean	Horizon-American Pictures	13	36
Some Like It Hot	1959	Billy Wilder	Ashton Productions, The Mirisch Company	14	22
Star Wars	1977	George Lucas	Lucasfilm	15	13
All About Eve	1950	Joseph L. Mankiewicz	20th Century-Fox	16	28
The African Queen	1951	John Huston	Horizon Enterprises, Romulus Films	17	65
Psycho	1960	Alfred Hitchcock	Shamley Productions	18	14
Chinatown	1974	Roman Polanski	Long Road Productions	19	21
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest	1975	Miloš Forman	Fantasy Films	20	33
The Grapes of Wrath	1940	John Ford	20th Century-Fox	21	23
2001: A Space Odyssey	1968	Stanley Kubrick	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	22	15
The Maltese Falcon	1941	John Huston	Warner Bros. Pictures	23	31
Raging Bull	1980	Martin Scorsese	Chartoff-Winkler Productions	24	4
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial	1982	Steven Spielberg	Universal Pictures, Amblin Entertainment	25	24
Dr. Strangelove	1964	Stanley Kubrick	Hawk Films, Polaris Productions	26	39
Bonnie and Clyde	1967	Arthur Penn	Tatira-Hiller Productions	27	42
Apocalypse Now	1979	Francis Ford Coppola	Omni Zoetrope	28	30
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington	1939	Frank Capra	Columbia Pictures	29	26
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre	1948	John Huston	Warner Bros. Pictures	30	38
Annie Hall	1977	Woody Allen	United Artists	31	35
The Godfather Part II	1974	Francis Ford Coppola	The Coppola Company	32	32
High Noon	1952	Fred Zinnemann	Stanley Kramer Productions	33	27
To Kill a Mockingbird	1962	Robert Mulligan	Pakula-Mulligan Productions, Brentwood Productions	34	25
It Happened One Night	1934	Frank Capra	Columbia Pictures	35	46
Midnight Cowboy	1969	John Schlesinger	Jerome Hellman Productions	36	43
The Best Years of Our Lives	1946	William Wyler	Samuel Goldwyn Productions	37	37
Double Indemnity	1944	Billy Wilder	Paramount Pictures	38	29
Doctor Zhivago	1965	David Lean	Carlo Ponti Productions	39	-
North by Northwest	1959	Alfred Hitchcock	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	40	55
West Side Story	1961	Robert Wise, Jerome Robbins	Beta Productions, The Mirisch Company, Seven Arts Productions, B & P Enterprises	41	51
Rear Window	1954	Alfred Hitchcock	Paramount Pictures, Patron	42	48
King Kong	1933	Merian C. Cooper	RKO Radio Pictures	43	41
The Birth of a Nation	1915	D. W. Griffith	David W. Griffith Corp.	44	-
A Streetcar Named Desire	1951	Elia Kazan	Warner Bros. Pictures, Charles K. Feldman Productions	45	47
A Clockwork Orange	1971	Stanley Kubrick	Polaris Productions, Hawk Films	46	70
Taxi Driver	1976	Martin Scorsese	B & P Enterprises, Italo-Judeo	47	52
Jaws	1975	Steven Spielberg	Universal Pictures, Zanuck/Brown Company	48	56
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs	1937	David Hand, et al.	Walt Disney Productions	49	34
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid	1969	George Roy Hill	Campanile Productions	50	73
The Philadelphia Story	1940	George Cukor	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	51	44
From Here to Eternity	1953	Fred Zinnemann	Columbia Pictures	52	-
Amadeus	1984	Miloš Forman	The Saul Zaentz Company	53	-
All Quiet on the Western Front	1930	Lewis Milestone	Universal Pictures	54	-
The Sound of Music	1965	Robert Wise	Argyle Enterprises, 20th Century-Fox	55	40
MASH	1970	Robert Altman	Aspen Productions	56	54
The Third Man	1949	Carol Reed	London Film Productions	57	-
Fantasia	1940	Walt Disney	Walt Disney Productions	58	-
Rebel Without a Cause	1955	Nicholas Ray	Warner Bros. Pictures	59	-
Raiders of the Lost Ark	1981	Steven Spielberg	Lucasfilm	60	66
Vertigo	1958	Alfred Hitchcock	Alfred J. Hitchcock Productions, Paramount Pictures	61	9
Tootsie	1982	Sydney Pollack	Mirage Enterprises, Punch Productions, Columbia Pictures, Delphi Productions	62	69
Stagecoach	1939	John Ford	Walter Wanger Productions	63	-
Close Encounters of the Third Kind	1977	Steven Spielberg	Columbia Pictures, EMI	64	-
The Silence of the Lambs	1991	Jonathan Demme	Strong Heart Productions	65	74
Network	1976	Sidney Lumet	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, United Artists	66	64
The Manchurian Candidate	1962	John Frankenheimer	M. C. Productions	67	-
An American in Paris	1951	Vincente Minnelli	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	68	-
Shane	1953	George Stevens	Paramount Pictures	69	45
The French Connection	1971	William Friedkin	D'Antoni Productions	70	93
Forrest Gump	1994	Robert Zemeckis	The Tisch Company	71	76
Ben-Hur	1959	William Wyler	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	72	100
Wuthering Heights	1939	William Wyler	Samuel Goldwyn Productions	73	-
The Gold Rush	1925	Charlie Chaplin	Charles Chaplin Productions	74	58
Dances with Wolves	1990	Kevin Costner	TIG Productions, Majestic Films International	75	-
City Lights	1931	Charlie Chaplin	Charles Chaplin Productions	76	11
American Graffiti	1973	George Lucas	Coppola Co., Lucasfilm	77	62
Rocky	1976	John G. Avildsen	Chartoff-Winkler Productions	78	57
The Deer Hunter	1978	Michael Cimino	EMI	79	53
The Wild Bunch	1969	Sam Peckinpah	Phil Feldman Productions, Warner Bros.-Seven Arts	80	79
Modern Times	1936	Charlie Chaplin	Charles Chaplin Film Corp.	81	78
Giant	1956	George Stevens	Warner Bros. Pictures	82	-
Platoon	1986	Oliver Stone	Hemdale Film Corporation	83	86
Fargo	1996	Joel Coen	Working Title Films	84	-
Duck Soup	1933	Leo McCarey	Paramount Productions	85	60
Mutiny on the Bounty	1935	Frank Lloyd	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	86	-
Frankenstein	1931	James Whale	Universal Pictures	87	-
Easy Rider	1969	Dennis Hopper	The Pando Company, Raybert Productions	88	84
Patton	1970	Franklin J. Schaffner	20th Century-Fox	89	-
The Jazz Singer	1927	Alan Crosland	Warner Bros. Pictures, The Vitaphone Corp.	90	-
My Fair Lady	1964	George Cukor	Warner Bros. Pictures	91	-
A Place in the Sun	1951	George Stevens	Paramount Pictures	92	-
The Apartment	1960	Billy Wilder	The Mirisch Company	93	80
Goodfellas	1990	Martin Scorsese	Warner Bros. Pictures, Irwin Winkler Productions	94	92
Pulp Fiction	1994	Quentin Tarantino	A Band Apart, Jersey Films	95	94
The Searchers	1956	John Ford	C. V. Whitney Pictures	96	12
Bringing Up Baby	1938	Howard Hawks	RKO Radio Pictures	97	88
Unforgiven	1992	Clint Eastwood	The Malpaso Company	98	68
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner	1967	Stanley Kramer	Columbia Pictures	99	-
Yankee Doodle Dandy	1942	Michael Curtiz	Warner Bros. Pictures	100	98
The General	1926	Buster Keaton	Buster Keaton Productions, Joseph M. Schenck Productions	-	18
Intolerance	1916	D. W. Griffith	Reliance-Majestic Studios	-	49
The Fellowship of the Ring	2001	Peter Jackson	New Line Cinema, WingNut Films	-	50
Nashville	1975	Robert Altman	ABC Motion Pictures	-	59
Sullivan's Travels	1941	Preston Sturges	Paramount Pictures	-	61
Cabaret	1972	Bob Fosse	ABC Pictures, Allied Artists	-	63
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?	1966	Mike Nichols	Warner Bros.	-	67
Saving Private Ryan	1998	Steven Spielberg	Amblin Entertainment, DreamWorks Pictures	-	71
The Shawshank Redemption	1994	Frank Darabont	Castle Rock Entertainment	-	72
In the Heat of the Night	1967	Norman Jewison	The Mirisch Corporation	-	75
All the President's Men	1976	Alan J. Pakula	Wildwood Enterprises	-	77
Spartacus	1960	Stanley Kubrick	Bryna Productions	-	81
Sunrise	1927	F.W. Murnau	Fox Film Corporation	-	82
Titanic	1997	James Cameron	Lightstorm Entertainment, Paramount Pictures	-	83
A Night at the Opera	1935	Sam Wood	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer	-	85
12 Angry Men	1957	Sidney Lumet	Orion-Nova Productions	-	87
The Sixth Sense	1999	M. Night Shyamalan	Hollywood Pictures	-	89
Swing Time	1936	George Stevens	RKO Radio Pictures	-	90
Sophie's Choice	1982	Alan J. Pakula	ITC Entertainment	-	91
The Last Picture Show	1971	Peter Bogdanovich	BBS Productions	-	95
Do the Right Thing	1989	Spike Lee	40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks	-	96
Blade Runner	1982	Ridley Scott	The Ladd Company, Shaw Brothers	-	97
Toy Story	1995	John Lasseter	Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios	-	99

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