ARCH LINUX
Published with SteemPeak $ ./configure
$ make
# make install
Screenshot by Willi Glenz
SUMMARY
ARCH LINUX ~ A ROLLING RELEASE OPERATING SYSTEM
001 first step v3 19-05
002 download v2 19-05
003 installation v6 19-06 update
004 network v2 19-05
005 user v2 19-05
006 sudo v1 19-05
007 packages v3 19-06
009 system-clock v1 19-06
018 systemd v1 19-06 new
008 ntp v2 19-06 update
011 dhcp v1 19-06
010 vim v1 19-06
013 taskwarrior v1 19-06
016 cowsay v1 19-06
017 host v1 19-06
014 swap ............. troubleshooting ............ vi 19-06
015 gnome ............ gui ........................ vi 19-06
012 ~/.bashrc v1 19-06
>#018
018 SYSTEMD
# systemctl list-units
# journalctl -b
# journalctl -f
# journalctl -fu ntpd
# systemctl status|enable|start|stop|restart ntpd
017 HOST
IP-Address .................... $ hostname -i
Runtime and load .............. $ watch uptime
Last reboot history ........... $ last reboot
System information I .......... # inxi -v7
System information II ......... # inxi -v7 -c0 | tee system.txt
Hostname I .................... $ hostname; hostname -f; hostname -d
Hostname II ................... $ cat /etc/hostname; hostnamectl; uname --nodename
Hostname III .................. $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
Hostname IV ................... # hostname mars
Prelogin message .............. $ cat /etc/issue
Shell ......................... $ echo $0
Operating system .............. $ cat /etc/os-release; lsb_release -a; uname --operating-system
Kernel ........................ $ uname -a
Kernel name ................... $ uname --kernel-name
Kernel release ................ $ uname --kernel-release
Kernel version ................ $ uname --kernel-version
Kernel ring buffer I .......... # dmesg | less
Kernel ring buffer II ......... # dmesg | tail -n 25
Rootkit scanner ............... # chkrootkit
System log I .................. # logwatch | less
System log II ................. # tail -f /var/log/syslog
Systemd journal ............... # journalctl
CPU Model ..................... $ cat /proc/cpuinfo
Memory ........................ $ watch free -h
Physical Memory ............... $ grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MEM Info ...................... $ cat /proc/meminfo
Processes I ................... $ ps auxw | sort | less
Processes II .................. $ atop
Processes III ................. $ htop
Processes IV .................. $ top
Processes V ................... $ glances
Disk I ........................ # lshw -short -class disk
File System Hierarchy (FHS) ... $ man hier
Disk II ....................... $ df -hT
Disk III ...................... # e4defrag /home -c
Disk IV ....................... # du -hs /home/userxyz
Disk V ........................ # du -h --max-depth=1 /home/userxyz | sort -n
Disk VI ....................... # du -h --max-depth=1 / 2>/dev/null | sort -n
Volumes ....................... # lshw -short -class volume
USB ........................... # usbview; lsusb
Documentation ................. $ man -k . | less
016 COWSAY
$ sudo pacman -S cowsay neofetch
$ cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc_old
$ echo 'clear' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'echo' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'neofetch' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'cowsay -W 80 -f moose $(cat ~/.oneliner.txt | shuf -n1)' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'echo'
$ . ~/.bashrc
$ vim ~/.oneliner.txt
# bash -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
# find / -uid 1000 -exec chown -v 1002:1002 {} \;
# find / -user userxyz -type f -exec rm -f {} \;
# find /home -user userxyz -mtime -3
# find /home -user userxyz -size +1G
# mkdir -p /mnt/ram; mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/ram -o size=8192M
$ alias ea='vim ~/.bash_aliases && source ~/.bash_aliases'
$ cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
$ cat /etc/shells
$ curl cheat.sh/:list | less
$ curl wttr.in
$ echo "It is now $(date +%T) on $(date +%A)"
$ find -size +100M | less
$ find -size +1G | less
$ find . -name "*.jpg" -exec convert {} -scale 50% +repage {} \;
$ find /etc -type f -print 2> /dev/null | less
$ find /etc/*tab -type f -print
$ find ~ -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec grep "^alias " '{}' \; -print
$ find ~ -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec grep "^alias " '{}' \; -print
$ find ~ -maxdepth 1 -type f -mtime 3
$ mkdir -p Backups/{Sales,Development,HR}/{Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec}/{Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat}
$ mkdir -p dummy/{1..100}/{1..100}
$ mount | column -t
$ mpg123 -zvC /home/user/music/*
$ ranger ~/.local/share/Trash/
$ scp -r folder/ user@a.b.c.d:~
$ scp dummy.txt user@a.b.c.d:~
$ sudo -H pip install --upgrade youtube-dl
$ watch -d -n 5 ls -l
$ watch free -h
$ watch mail
:%sort
:wq
015 GNOME
# pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-modules-arch mesa
# systemctl enable vboxservice.service
# systemctl start vboxservice.service
# pacman -S gnome gnome-extra
# systemctl enable gdm.service
# systemctl start gdm.service
014 SWAP
CHECK
$ free -h
$ top | htop | atop | glances
$ vmstat -w
$ cat /proc/swaps
# fdisk -l
$ cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
TROUBLESHOOTING
# swapon -s
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap_tmp bs=1024 count=1000000
# ls -lh /tmp
# chmod 600 /swap_tmp
# mkswap /swap_tmp
# swapon /swap_tmp
# swapon -s
# echo 100 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
013 TASKWARRIOR
# pacman -Ss taskwarrior
# pacman -S vit
$ vim ~/.taskrc
$ task
$ task add project:Phoenix Task1
$ task add project:Running Task2
$ task
$ task 1 edit
$ task 1 modify priority:H
$ task 1 modify due:eow
$ task 1 modify due:eom
$ task 1 modify project:Java
$ task 1 start
$ task 1 stop
$ task 1 information
$ task calc now + 21d
$ task calendar 2019
$ task
$ task 1 done
$ task 2 delete
$ task
$ task burndown.daily; task burndown.weekly; task burndown.monthly
$ alias t='clear; task'
$ alias tt='clear; task burndown.daily'
Homepage taskwarrior.org
Documentation taskwarrior.org/docs
Tutorial taskwarrior.org/docs/30second.html
012 BASHRC
$ vim ~/.bashrc
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth:erasedups
alias a='clear; echo; alias; echo'
alias c='clear; echo'
alias cd='clear; echo; \cd; df -hT; echo; lsd -l; echo'
alias fd='clear; echo; sudo fdisk -l; echo'
alias h='clear; echo; history 30; echo'
alias u='clear; echo; pacman -Suyy; echo'
:wq
$ . ~/.bashrc
011 DHCP
# dhcpcd
# systemctl status dhcpcd
# systemctl start dhcpcd
# systemctl enable dhcpcd
# reboot
# systemctl status dhcpcd
wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dhcpcd
010 VIM
# pacman -S vim
h j k l ................... character .......... left, down, up, right
b ge w e .................. word ......................... back, right
0 ^ gm $ .................. sentence .............. start, middle, end
( ) ....................... sentence .................. next, previous
{ } ....................... paragraph ................. next, previous
H M L ..................... window ................. high, middle, low
gg G ...................... document ................ first, last line
% ......................... brace, bracket, comment ............. next
Homepage : vim.org
Reference : vimhelp.org/quickref.txt.html
009 SYSTEM-CLOCK
# timedatectl status
# timedatectl set-ntp true
# timedatectl list-timezones
# timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin
# timedatectl status
008 NTP
# pacman -S ntp
# systemctl status ntpd
# systemctl enable ntp
# systemctl status ntpd
# journalctl -b
# journalctl -fu ntp
ntp.org
007 PACKAGES
$ cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | less
##
## Arch Linux repository mirrorlist
## Filtered by mirror score from mirror status page
## Generated on 2019-06-07
##
## Germany
Server = http://mirrors.niyawe.de/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://archlinux.thaller.ws/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://dist-mirror.fem.tu-ilmenau.de/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirror.metalgamer.eu/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
$ sudo pacman -S vim screen tmux : install a package
$ sudo pacman -Suyy : update packages
$ sudo pacman -Syy : refresh package database
$ sudo pacman -R tmux : remove a package
$ sudo pacman -Ss docker : search for a package
$ pacman -Sl | grep -i vim | less : search for vim
$ pacman -Q | awk '{print $1}' > packages.txt : installed packages
$ pacman -Qg | awk '{print $1}' > packages.txt : group packages
$ pacman -Qe | awk '{print $1}' > packages.txt
$ pacman -Qet | awk '{print $1}' > packages.txt
Pacman Homepage : archlinux.org/pacman/
Pacman Mirrorlist Generator : archlinux.org/mirrorlist/
Manpages $ man pacman
006 SUDO
# pacman -S sudo
# visudo
> %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
:wq
# usermod -aG whell user1
# logout
005 USER
# useradd -m user1
# passwd user1
# useradd -m dummy
# passwd dummy
# cat /etc/passwd
# userdel -r dummy
004 NETWORK
TEST
# ip a
# systemctl status NetworkManager
ACTIVATE NETWORKMANAGER
# systemctl start NetworkManager
# systemctl enable NetworkManager
# systemctl status NetworkManager
# reboot
TEST
# ping www.archlinux.org
wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Network_configuration#Network_interfaces
003 INSTALLATION
01. VIRTUALBOX
VDI : 2TB
Network : Bridged Adapter
02. SIGNATURE
$ gpg \
--keyserver-options auto-key-retrieve
--verify archlinux-version-x86_64.iso.sig
03. KEYBOARD
# ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz | less
# loadkeys de-latin1
04. CONNECTIVITY
# ip a
# ping archlinux.org
05. SYSTEM CLOCK
# timedatectl status
# timedatectl set-ntp true
# timedatectl list-timezones
# timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin
# timedatectl status
06. DISK
# fdisk -l
# fdisk /dev/sda
> F
> o
> p
> n ... p ... 1 ... +64G
> n ... p ... 2 ... rest
> p
> w
# fdisk -l
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
# mkdir /mnt/home
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home
# mount | grep sda
07. BASE PACKAGES
# pacstrap -i /mnt base
08. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
# cat /mnt/etc/fstab
# arch-chroot /mnt
BASE
# pacman -S grub-bios linux-headers base-devel \
network-manager-applet wireless_tools wpa_supplicant \
xorg-server mesa
VIRTUALBOX
# pacman - S virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-modules-arch
TOOLS
# pacman - S mtr zsh fish screen vim htop glances vit youtube-dl \
a-top ranger
SERVICES
# pacman - S openssh networkmanager ntp
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
# hwclock --systohc
# timedatectl status
# vi /etc/locale.gen : de_DE.UTF-8
# locale-gen
# vi /etc/locale.conf : LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
# vi /etc/vconsole.conf : KEYMAP=de-latin1
# vi /etc/hostname : mars
# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 mars.linux.local mars
# passwd
# mkinitcpio -p linux
09. BOOTLOADER INSTALLATION
# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
# cp /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/de.mo
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
10. SWAP-FILE
# fallocate -l 1G /swapfile
# chmod 600 /swapfile
# mkswap /swapfile
# echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | tee -a /etc/fstab)
# cat /etc/fstab
11. REBOOT
# exit
# umount -R /mnt
# shutdown -h now
Remove iso-file and start den virtual machine.
Virtualbox : virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html#network_bridged
Installation Guide : wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
Etcher : balena.io/etcher/
pacstrap : git.archlinux.org/arch-install-scripts.git/tree/pacstrap.in
002 DOWNLOAD
Current Release : 2019.05.02
Included Kernel : 5.0.10
ISO Size : 609.0 MB
Installation Guide : wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
Torrent : archlinux.org/releng/releases/2019.05.02/torrent/
ISO : ftp.hosteurope.de/mirror/ftp.archlinux.org/iso/2019.05.02/
Download : archlinux.org/download/
Virtualbox # apt install virtualbox
001 FIRST STEP
"Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end."
Seneca
DistroWatch : distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=Arch
Homepage : archlinux.org
Wiki : wiki.archlinux.org
Download : archlinux.org/download/