Hello friends, welcome to my second installment in the psychology label, today I will refer to one of the most important theory studied in this branch, which was written by a man named Sigmund Freud, if you know him, this man is considered the father of psychoanalysis, because I relate his ideas about mental health with his conception of personality. Now, if we talk about Simund Freud (1856-1939), besides being the founder of psychoanalysis, we must also refer to this man's development different models to explain the human personality, in this article I will establish a detailed analysis of the 5 theories of Freud on personality: topography, dynamics, economics, genetics, and structural. I invite you to read this interesting publication, If you are a lover of psychology you can leave your comment at the end of this publication, and tell me what is your point of view about the study of personality ...
The 5 Theories of the Personality of Sigmund Freud
At present the personality models created by Freud, we consider them as complementary theories, which are used in psychology for the development of several fundamental concepts, for example for the study of the drives or the defense mechanisms in the human being are applied these theory. interestingly enough, now let's see what each of these theories consists of.
1 . TOPOGRAPHIC MODEL
During the early stages of his career, Freud developed this model, which was originally written in one of his works "The Interpretation of Dreams". This personality term is also known as "First Topic."
The topographic model what it does is to divide the mind into three regions: the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious. In each of these places, different psychological contents and processes are observed.
The unconscious is considered the deepest level of the mind. In it are hidden thoughts, impulses, memories and fantasies that are very difficult to access from consciousness. This part of the mind we consider is directed by the pleasure principle and by the processes that we consider primary (condensation and displacement), in this sense the psychic energy circulates freely, in such a way that we feel full at all times .
The preconscious mind acts as a point of union between the other two sections. It is composed of memory traces in verbal format, in this sense if it is possible to know the contents from the consciousness through the focus of attention, in a particular sense recuersos are always present.
Finally we have the conscience, this is understood as a system that presents an intermediary role between the deepest regions of the psyche and the outside world. Cognition, motor skills and interaction with the environment depend on the conscious mind, which is governed by the reality principle, this region is more connected by the preconscious mode, since its principle is based on reality and not in pleasure, as is the case with the unconscious.
2 . DYNAMIC MODEL
The "dynamic" concept refers to a present conflict between two forces that occur in the mind: the impulses, which we call "institial" forces, that seek gratification, and the defenses that seek to prevent the former. So that in the result of this interaction arise psychological processes, which suppose a more or less satisfying or complementary solution to the conflicts that arise.
In this model of Freud theory, he conceives the psychopathological symptoms as commitment formations that allow a partial gratification of the impulses while causing discomfort, acting in such a way as a punishment against the behavior of the person. Considering that in this way mental health would depend to a great extent on the quality of the defenses and the self-generated generated.
3 . ECONOMIC MODEL
This economic model of personality is based on a concept of "drive", which we define in psychology as the impulse that favors people can seek a certain purpose. These drives have a biological origin since they are related specifically with the corpotal tension of the body, giving to understand that its objective is the suppression of unpleasant physiological conditions.
Referring to this model, he can establish three different theories, but in the end Freud unified them all, and because I say this for the following, first Freud initially distinguished between the sexual drive or reproduction, which leads to the survival of the species, then established self-preservation, which is focused on that of the individual. Establishing these theory Freud the adacto to a third theory which explains previously, called "the drive of life". We see the remaining theoretical models.
4 . GENETIC MODEL
This theoretical model about personality is one of the most well-known, in this five stages of psychosexual development are described. According to this theory, human behavior is governed to a great extent by the search for gratification or discharge of tension, this would be in relationship to the body's erogenous zones, whose importance would depend on age.
The human being during the first year, is in the oral phase, in which the behavior is centered in the mouth; so for example babies tend to bite and suck objects to invert them and get pleasure. In the second year the main erogenous zone is the year, so that children of this age are very focused on excretion, that's why Freud speaks of "anal phase" referring to the above explained.
The next stage is the phallic phase, which is generated between 3 and 5 years; during this period the complex celebrations of Oedipus and castration take place. Between 6 years of age and puberty, libido is repressed and learning and cognitive development are prioritized (latency phase); finally, with the period of adolescence comes the genital phase, which indicates sexual maturity.
In psychopathology, more specifically in neurosis, this is understood as the result of the frustration of the satisfaction of the characteristic needs of these periods of development, or of the total or partial psychological fixation.
5 . STRUCTURAL MODEL
This theoretical model is much better known than the previous one, the structural model is presented in a process where the mind is separated into three instances, which develop throughout childhood: the It, the Self and the Superio. between these stages would give rise to what we know as psychopathological symptoms.
The most basic part of the mind, structurally speaking, is the It, composed of unconscious representations of the drives related to sexuality and aggression, as well as numerical fingerprints of gratification experiences associated with these impulses.
The Self is conceived in this sense as a development of the It. This structure has a regulatory role in psychological life: as it evaluates the ways of satisfying impulses taking into account the demands of the environment. it works with both unconscious and conscious content, and it is in this part of the mind that defense mechanisms are exercised.
Finally there is the Superyo, which acts as a moral conscience, censoring certain mental contents, acting as supervisor of the rest of instances and as a model of behavior, that is, a kind of "the ideal self" is generated. generates through the internalization of social norms, in which an essential role is fulfilled, the Oedipus complex.
Conclusion
As we have seen in each of the theory models summarized and briefly explained, the main idea of this publication is to understand why? and as we human beings are able to develop different personalities in different stages. For psychologists, the study of the different theories of personality is very important since in this way it can understand and diagnose patients, this allows us to understand the different symptoms and sufferings of each individual, since all do not have the same characteristics of personality. All these theories are important, above all we must always take them as a starting point when observing and thinking about the human being; integrating them and taking into account the essence of them when we have to help a person in his inner search and integration of his behavior to the environment where he has lived. Give this brief conclusion I say goodbye, I hope this publication is of your interest and If so, give it a retest and leave your comment and remember "The man of today can realize his mistakes if he knows the characteristics of his personality."
Bibliography :
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