It's probably the most popular and most successful science toy. Rubik's Cube, a three-dimensional mechanical riddle, was conceived in 1974 by sculptor and architect Ernö Rubik. It was initially conceived to help the students of architecture and to get a visual perspective of three dimensions. In the 1980's, the success of this toy reached incredible quotes both among young people and adult audiences, turning them into the world's best-selling toy (with more than 350 million units). This riddle allows 43.252.003.274.489.856.000 combinations and thanks to a more modern algorithm it is possible to solve it with only 20 movements.
Ernö Rubik was a professor in Budapest, Hungary, when in 1974 he began to build a three-dimensional figure as a teaching tool for students. The architect's idea was to create a cube, whose parts could move regardless of how the figure could be broken. In May of that year, Rubik, 29, completed the prototype and introduced it to the classroom, without imagining that the model would turn into a world phenomenon.
The figure had 27 pieces of wood and each consisted of three moving blocks, each consisting of three cubes. Building was a challenge: Rubik wanted to connect parts with plastic buttons, but they broke. A few days later he found a solution. The cubs were held by central axes, which at the same time allowed them to rotate. The architect climbed a different color paper into the squares of each side and then began to rotate the blocks. It was about a previously unseen mechanism. Returning this riddle to the original status with regular colors was another challenge. Although it may seem impossible, it took a month to resolve. Considering that the cube has 43 million combinations was a challenge.
Cuba had so great success among the students that next year he was a sculptor and decided to get a patent, which was approved in the beginning of 1977. In that year, the Politechnika co-operative, which mainly produced chess games , began producing a new plastic toy instead of wood and sold it under the name "magic cube". This toy was in all of Hungary's shops, but being a socialist country it would be difficult to trade abroad. History changed when a trader named Tibor Laczi, passionate about math, discovered the cubo while drinking a coffee at a restaurant when he saw a waitress play with him and seemed a miracle.
He briefly joined Rubik to talk about the business opportunity that this 3D toy had if sold abroad. In 1979, Laczi participated in an international gaming fair in Nuremberg, Germany, where innovations were exposed and commercial contacts were in place. He was not introduced as an official exhibitor, went through the cricket fair and finally talked to British designer Tom Kremer, founder of Seven Towns Ltd. Seeing the toy entrepreneur, a gaming expert, had no doubt about the possibilities of this game, so he decided to license to start a world-wide distribution. In a while, Kremer managed to take the American company "Ideal Toy". At first the marigold society began to sell it as a "magic cube", but later decided to change its name to call it the "Gordian knot", but he remembered that this toy should have the name of its creator, Rubik's cube.
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