ADAT HOUSE ACEH or often referred to as Rumoh Aceh is a traditional house of Acehnese people in the past.
Currently, Rumoh Aceh is getting step, but can be seen in the complex of Aceh Museum Office in Banda Aceh City, and in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) Jakarta, and Rumah Cut Nyak Dhien in Lampisang Village, 10 km from the center of Banda City Aceh.
If you visit the House of Aceh located in the complex of the Museum of Aceh there are many items of past relics that are often used by the people of Aceh such as pedeung on jok, jingki, jars, berandam or place to store rice etc. If you go to Banda Aceh do not forget to come visit and witness the condition of traditional house of Aceh past. The typical Aceh traditional house consists of 44 poles and has 2 front and rear stairs.
The belief of an individual or a living society has a significant influence on the architectural form of the building, the house, created. This can be seen in the architecture of Rumoh Aceh, Province, Nanggrou Aceh Darussalam. In general Rumoh Aceh is a stilt house with a pole height between 2.50 - 3 meters, consisting of three or five spaces, with one main room called vines. Rumoh with three spaces has 16 columns, while Rumoh with five spaces has 24 columns. Modifications from three to five spaces or vice versa can be done easily, just add or remove the existing on the left or right side of the house. These parts are called seramoe likot or back porch or portico and seramoe reunyeun bertangga, where the entrance to the house is always in the east. The main door of Rumoh Aceh is always lower than the height of adults. Usually the height of this door only size 120-150 cm so that everyone who goes to Rumoh Aceh should duck. However, once inside, we will feel the space is very roomy because in the house no furniture in the form of chairs or tables. Everyone sits cross-legged on a ngom mat (from a kind of weeds that grows in swamp) which is covered with pandanus mats. Rumoh Aceh is not just a shelter, but an expression of belief in God and adaptation to nature. Therefore, through Rumoh Aceh we can see the culture, lifestyle, and values that are believed by the people of Aceh.
Parts of Rumoh Aceh
At the bottom of the house is called yubmoh which can be used for storing various objects, such as Jeungki (rice pestle), which is used as a place for children to play and also often used swing place for baby children.
The front room or called seramoe Keu (front porch), this room is plain without rooms that function as a male guest room, study room to teach boys at night or during the day also guest bed men. and at certain moments such as the marriage ceremony this room also serves as a joint banquet.
The middle room or seungamoe teungoh is the core of rumoh Aceh and slightly higher than seramoe keu it is called rumoh inong (the main house) and this place is considered sacred because it is very personal. In the middle of this room there are two booths or rooms facing each other. Both of these rooms for the bed of the head of the family or the owner of the house, if there is a new girl married then she will occupy this room and parents will move to anjong.
Room Rear or called seramoe Likoet (rear porch), this room is also plain without a room that serves as a women's living room, which is the same area with seramoe keu this room for women is also used for study space for girls and when the guests who come women then the place of musyawarah or bed of the guests is also a place to eat together for women so in Aceh male and female guests are not put together
Aceh House Building to strengthen does not use nails, but using a binder of rope, rattan (awe) for roof ties generally from the rumbia and some are using coconut leaves and when inside the house never felt hot sauna in the house is always cold and when the heavy rain never sounds noisy. Aceh House if not using nails and made of wood but can last up to hundreds of tahun.Pengaruh beliefs of the people of Aceh to the architecture of the house can be seen in the orientation of the house that always shaped elongated from east to west, ie the front facing east and the inner or back the sacred is in the west. The West's direction reflects the efforts of the Acehnese to build an imaginary line with the Ka'bah in Mecca. Moreover, the influence of beliefs can also be seen in the use of its ever-present-numbered pillars, the odd number of rooms, and the odd number of steps. Aside from being a manifestation of community belief and adaptation to its environment, the existence of rumoh Aceh is also to show the social status of its inhabitants. The more decoration in rumoh Aceh, then the residents must be getting richer. For families who do not have excessive wealth, it is enough with a decoration that is relatively little or even none at all. The nature of Aceh's home architecture wisdom in addressing the nature and beliefs of Aceh's regulatory community. The architect of the house that uses wooden base material and shaped stage is a form of community adaptation to the environment. Collectively the structure of the house on stilts provides a positive value to the social and individual comfort for its inhabitants, while also ensuring the safety of flood, animal and order as well as safety. The existence of a part of space that functions as private spaces, such as rumoh inong, public spaces, such as the front porch, and women's special space, such as the back porch is an attempt to instill and maintain the value of politeness and ethics in the community. The existence of stairs to enter Aceh rumoh not only serves as a tool to climb into the house, but also serves as a boundary point that should only be visited by guests who are not family members or close relatives. If there are no male family members, then (abstinence and taboo) for guests who are not close family (read: muhrim) to go home. Thus, reunyeun also has a function as a tool of social control in the interaction of everyday people.
Special Feature of traditional house Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam ie there are some decorative motifs used, among others:
- Ornamental motifs or religious carvings taken from verses of the Koran;
- Flora motifs such as plants either in the form of leaves, roots, stems, or flowers. Stylized carvings of these plants are not colored, if any, the colors used are red and black. This decoration is usually found on rinyeuen (ladder), wall, tulak angen, kindang, beam on the hood, and window of the house;
- Fauna motifs are usually used are animals that are often seen and liked; The natural motives used by the people of Aceh are: the sky and its clouds, the sky and the moon, and the stars and the sea; and other motifs, such as rantee, tongue, and so forth.
For the people of Aceh to build a house means to build a life because to build must meet some requirements through tapan anatara others have to wait for the choice of good day determined by Teuku (local ulama), must peusijuk with sticky rice, procurement of wood choice, Deliberation with family and mutual cooperation in the development process is an effort to foster solidarity among peers and respect for the prevailing customs. Dengn works together can be overcome and harmony is maintained. Then the built house is expected to provide security and security of spiritual and spiritual.
Rumah Adat Aceh and its uniqueness
The uniqueness of the house of Aceh settled on the roof, to tie the black rope or rope fibers have a to hold the roof tied not bersambung has a very significant means, for example when a fire accident on the roof then the owner of the house just cut a rope just so that the entire roof of the house connected or centered on the ijok ropes immediately fall or collapse to avoid the wood fires and can minimize the dampk of the disaster that occurred. The construction of Aceh's house should face north and south it is intended that the light of the sun will easily enter the room either on the east or the west side, if there is an Aceh house facing west or east it will easily collapse due to the wind direction. But nowadays, as the era of demands for all things is done effectively and efficiently and the more expensive the manufacture and care of rumoh Aceh, the gradually fewer Acehnese who built this traditional house. As a result, the number of rumoh Aceh is getting less and less. The community prefers to build modern concrete houses that make and procure their materials easier than the more complicated ones, the procurement of materials is more difficult, and the cost of maintenance is more expensive. However, there are also people who because of their love for the architecture of their ancestral heritage make Aceh rumoh attached to their concrete house.Source of Aceh Community, guide the Museum of Aceh.
