Community nursing - Prevention of high blood pressure

Even in the 21st century many people do not know about the pathology of high blood pressure, I don't even know what blood pressure itself means. In the area of community nursing it is essential to provide correct information on various pathologies and how to improve the lifestyle in order to promote health promotion and disease prevention.

Mainly to understand what arterial hypertension is, we must know what blood pressure is and how our body works in conjunction with it.

We must remember that our body is made up of various organs that are responsible for carrying out a specific functioning to achieve homeostasis, that is, to ensure that we obtain the best possible health welfare.

In order for our organs to function properly it is necessary that they receive certain components that allow them to perform such a function. One of these essential components is blood, and it is here that a very important system, the cardiovascular system, enters.

Cardiovascular system

It is mainly composed of a "pump" and connections. The pump would be the heart, which is responsible for pumping the blood that returns from the whole organism through the veins and similarly is responsible for sending oxygenated blood through the arteries.

Every time the heart beats, the arteries also beat, which is why a new vital sign known as the pulse is born.

The pressure that is exerted on the arteries thanks to the pressure exerted by the heart at the time of beating is known as blood pressure.

Blood pressure is divided into two parts, one is systole and the other is diastole.

✔Systole pressure: It is characterized by being the moment in which the heart performs the contraction and where the arteries perform the blood thrust.

✔ Diastole pressure: here it is characterized by being the moment in which the heart will relax, therefore the arteries as well.

The blood pressure has a normal value with which we will guide ourselves to know if the person is well, should be 120/80 mmHg (which means millimeters of mercury).

▶ We can abbreviate the pathology as HTA.

When our heart does not work properly, blood pressure will be affected, and therefore all organs, that is why it is so important to inform people about this pathology that is so common but so little informed and known.

When the pressure rises above its normal value, this is considered arterial hypertension.

Hyper is used as a prefix in the area of health, it is usually used to know what a certain procedure or certain condition means, in this case it means high, high, above something.

`Causes`

The causes are diverse in each person, but its origin is usually due to bad eating habits, problems at the hormonal, cardiological or neurological level.

Usually there are several symptoms that will indicate that there is a problem with our body, these are usually:

▸ Headache (headache)
▸Mareos
P Epistaxis (nasal bleeding)
▸ Nausea and vomiting
▸ Changes in vision (difficulty seeing: blurred vision)

`Risk factor's`

The risk factors are all those factors that can cause the pathology to be triggered in the person, I know it is more prone to suffer from high blood pressure if ...

• Obesity: obesity is a health problem that leads to various diseases, including high blood pressure. At the moment that a person is obese, his body is bigger, so a physiological demand begins where the cardiovascular system is the main one to be compromised, since he needs to pump more blood because now you are bigger.

• Stress: being under stress often affects us in a psychological and physical way, being the heart altered and therefore the pressure exerted on the arteries.

• Excess alcohol: alcohol, as is well known, is an expert in damaging the kidneys, and these organs that are responsible for filtering the blood will require greater arterial blood supply, so that the pressure of the arteries will be affected.

• Excess salt consumption: it is recommended that the daily salt consumption does not exceed 5 gm, when this happens a change occurs in our neurological system since there is a mechanism responsible for regulating blood pressure and that it does not increase. When there is excess salt intake this mechanism is deregulated, it happens that it will begin to release a hormone known as antidiuretic, so that the salt concentration cannot be released and therefore there will be problems in blood pressure and it will begin to rise .

• History of arterial hypertension: having family members with a history of AHT is a risk factor to be able to suffer from this pathology.

`Recommendations to prevent high blood pressure`

✔ It is important to maintain a medical check if possible more than 2 times a year. Why? Since many times the AHT is silent and does not present any symptoms, so we can feel very good but inside our body is not working properly. Every healthy person should keep a check of their blood pressure at least 2 times a year to confirm that everything is working well. People who have previously had high blood pressure and have not presented signs or symptoms are recommended to follow up more often.

✔Lead a healthy lifestyle; Different fields are covered here, such as diet and exercise.
Performing exercise favors our heart and becomes stronger.
Maintaining a diet rich in protein and necessary nutrients without exceeding its consumption, and avoiding consuming more than 5 grams of salt daily will avoid suffering from the pathology. It is also important to highlight that the consumption of alcohol and excess fat should be moderated, although although it is necessary for our body, everything in excess hurts, so being obese as mentioned above is a risk factor to trigger the pathology .

`Recommendations for patients with high blood pressure`

✔ Maintain a proper diet: healthy people should consume less than 5 grams of salt, but people with AHT should consume less than 2.5 grams of salt or even their doctor can totally eliminate salt from food to avoid increased pressure

✔ Medical visits: different medical visits are made to different specialists, the main one is the cardiologist and if problems occur in other organs he will refer to the specialist. Usually they are nephrologists.

✔ Constantly measure blood pressure: it is recommended that it be daily at least 2 or 3 times a day, since in most cases it is asymptomatic, and if it is not possible to restore it to its normal values it can lead to various consequences such as: heart attacks (vascular brain diseases) damage to other organs: liver, kidneys, intestines.

✔ Follow the treatment: it is important that each patient comply with their pharmacological treatment correctly, in the outpatient service it is often said that hypertensive patients must marry the blood pressure pill, since this is essential to maintain the normal value of the same.

✔ Exercise, drink plenty of water (more than 2 liters per day) and try to lead a calm life away from stress.

Conference on blood pressure measurement within the community of Barrio Unión, Barquisimeto - Lara State - Venezuela

We all have the power to change our lifestyle and make it favorable in order to maintain our health, therefore we all have the power to avoid suffering from HTA. It is important to incorporate these healthy habits in ourselves, our family, friends and partner in order to lead a better quality of life.

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