Hello every friend Steemit, how are you? Wish you good health always. On this occasion, I discussed about the cultivation of corn crop. May be useful.
Background
Indonesia is one country that has less stable food security, because the supply of food, especially rice, is not fixed. When rice production declines, demand is increasing, so the Indonesian government must import rice from abroad. Solve the problem, the government needs to find alternative ways to make the best use of local food. Local food is the main ingredient in the manufacture of traditional foods based on recipes from generation to generation that are consumed by ethnic group in
Specific Area.
One local food that can be developed and very potential is corn. Corn has sufficient nutritional value, even some area in Indonesia, corn is a staple for life. In addition to food and feed, corn is also widely used as the main ingredient of the food industry, beverages, chemical, and pharmaceutical.
Popular tortilla products in Mexico are processed from dried corn kernels. The processing technology is simple, which produces a rice substitute breakfast product and is consumed with a side dish. Some studies support the improvement of product quality, (Aguilar et al. 2002, Miranda et al. 2002). Corn flakes and chocho chips products favored by children have grown in Indonesia. (Murni 2008).
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Cognition Corn
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important food crops, besides wheat and rice. Corn also includes one of the major carbohydrate source plants in Central and South America. corn is also an alternative source of staple food in the United States and parts of Indonesia (eg in Madura and Nusa Tenggara).
Besides as a source of carbohydrates, Corn is also a producer of pharmaceutical ingredients. The need for corn is currently increasing where the demand of domestic and international market is very large for food and feed need. The researchers also continue to produce superior corn varieties to improve productivity and quality.
Classification of Corn Crop
• Kingdom : Plantae (Tumbuhan)
• Divisi : Magnoliophyta (Tumbuhan berbunga)
• Kelas : Liliopsida (berkeping satu / monokotil)
• Sub Class : Commelinidae
• Ordo : Poales
• Famili : Poaceae (suku rumput-rumputan)
• Genus : Zea
• Spesies : Zea mays L.
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Corn is a seasonal plant. One life cycle in 80-150 days. The first half of the cycle is the vegetative growth stage and the second half of the cycle for the generative growth stage.
Characteristics of corn Crop
Corn plant is one of the palawija plants that are 80-150 days or about 3-4 months, this is a picture of the average age of maize. High corn plants vary, average of 2.0 to 2.5 meters, although there are cultivars that can reach 12 meters high. Stalks on each segment approximately 20 cm. The corn leaves have no stalk. The width of the strands of corn leaves is approximately 9 cm long and can reach 120 cm.
Stems and leaves
Corn stems erect and segmented, the sash is wrapped in a leaf midrib. Corn leaf is a perfect leaf that has a midrib, stalks, leaf. Leaf shape also extends between the midrib and the petiole while the bone is parallel to the mother's leaf bone.The corn crop flower
The flower of maize plant consists of male and female flowers, each flower has a distinctive structure belonging to a family called a floret, male flowers are arranged in the form of panicles whereas females are in the form of tuna and grow from the book between the stem and the leaf midrib.The root of corn crop
The roots of corn plants in the form of fiber because these plant dikotilized, at the root of fibers there are also 3 parts that is: The First one, Root buffer, serves for make stems of corn plant upright, absorb water and nutrient from the soil. The second one, adventitious root, serves to extract nutrients and water from the soil. And the last, a seminal root that serves to develop the embryo.
Terms Growing of corn crop
The Corn crop can be grown in a variety of soils even on fairly dry soil conditions, But for optimum growth of corn wants as follows :
- Moderate climate or subtropical/tropical climates that are wet or in terrain between 0-50 degrees LU to 0-0-40 degrees LS.
- The ideal rainfall is ideal, about 85-200 mm/month and should be evenly distributed specifically for non irrigated land.
- Temperature between 21-34 0C, for the ideal require an optimum temperature between 23-27 0C while at the time of germination temperature required about 30 0C.
Corn as a tropical plant can thrive and give a high yield if the plants and its maintenance is well done. In order to grow well, corn plants require an average temperature between ±14-30 0C, in regions with rainfall of about 600 mm-1,200 mm per year distributed evenly during the growing season (Kartasapoetra, 1988).
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Type Maize Varieties
- Composite corn or local maize
- Hybrid corn or maize of marriage
- Transgenic corn
For discussion about 3 types of corn in Indonesia I will discuss in the next post.
Conclusion
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important food crop, in addition to being a staple food in some regions. Corn as food and feed, the main ingredients of the food, beverage, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries are also for other needs. In fact, the need of corn is currently experiencing an increase where domestic or international market demand is very large for food and feed needs.
Corn planting in Indonesia ranging from lowlands to in mountain areas that have a height between 1000-1800 m asl. Areas with an optimum height between 0-600 m asl are a good height for the growth of corn crop.
The superior corn varieties already exist in Indonesia, for farmers who cultivate maize are expected to use superior seed varieties to increase maximum productivity.
This is all I can discuss today and thank you to all friends who have visited my blog, if there are any shortcoming and different view I apologize. Hopefully this discussion will be useful for all of us.
Farmer Life !!!
Source
litbang.go.id
petanihebat.com
agroteknologi.web.id
usu.ac.id
Best Regards 