Greetings, how are you steemit friends? May be healthy always and keep the spirit. In our previous discussion, I have discussed about maize crops and how to plant them, but today I will discuss about chilli plants. Given the whole world using chilli as an ingredient for cooking, then I think today I need to make a post about chilli plants.
Chilli is a fruit or flowering plant of the genus Capsicum members in the family (Solanaceae). These plant are from America, where they have grown for thousands of years. Red chillies or chillies, often referred to as chily red or chilli, cultivation has been known since 3000 BC and is used as a spice to taste spicy. As a spice, spicy chillies are very popular in Southeast Asia as a flavor booster. Even around the world, chilli is already considered a "staple food.
This spicy herbaceous plant is widely used as a spice of cuisine throughout the world. Chilli plants originally come from Mexico, and spread in the surrounding countries of South America and Central America around the 8th century. From the Americas then spread to the European continent estimated at around the 15th century. Now chilli plants have spread to various tropical countries, especially in the continent of Asia, and Africa (Tim Bina Karya Tani, 2009). Source
Chilli (Capsicum annum L) is one of vegetable commodities that have high economic value and even cultivated by many farmers in Indonesia because it has high selling price and beneficial to health because chilli contains antioxidant, one of which is capsaicin substance that function in controlling cancer disease [source]. In addition, the cace includes a very high vitamin C that can meet the daily needs of everyone, but should be consumed sufficiently to avoid stomach pain. [source]
Classification of Red Chilli Plants
Chilli is generally red when it is ripe or dark green when young. If the chilli split, then we will find a white stalk in the that contains a capsaicin substance that is like oil and stung tongue tasting cells. This is hot chilli pepper and hot on the tongue when we consume it.
Type of Chilli
Chilli farmers are generally familiar with the types, even when the market price increases and what kind of chilli is cultivated. This is important where the farmers should know the market opportunities and targets to be marketed.
Chilli is the most numerous and varied crops. But in Indonesia usually only a few types of varieties grown, namely large chilli, Cayenne pepper and chilli hybrids.
A. Large/big chilli (Capsicum Annum L)
Large/big chilli long and large shape, longitudinal long pivot. The surface of the kite is smooth and shiny and thick as there is a wax on the skin. The most widely cultivated varieties in Indonesia is : Prabu F1, Marathon F1, Kreshna F1, Duke F1, Sultan F1, F1 Senopati, F1 Provost, Astina F1, and F1 prestige, Gada F1 and so forth source. Follow the description of each these varieties.
Type of large/big chilli is divided into two namely: chilli red curls and large green chilli. Each of these chilli has the same shape, but there are differences in taste and function as follows.
Chilli Red Curls
This type of chilli long shape but has a small diameter in comparison with large red peppers, pointed tip taper. The fruit skin is wavy or curly and relatively thin. For farmers, this curly red pepper is often cultivated for the addition of the economy, as it has an exporting appeal. In addition, made as a spice in cooking even it was also less spicy.Green chilli
Green chilli is a large red chilli type but harvesting is done when the chilli is still green or short harvesting for delivery to distant places/exports.
Chilli Green has different flavors and prices with red peppers. the price of green chilli pretty cheap compared with red caba. Although in fact this chilli research can be planted in high and low areas, with a pH of 5-6. Chilli planting is faced with various problems (risks), including, technical cultivation, elemental deficiencies, pest and disease attack on chilli.
B. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum Frutescens)
The cayenne is a very unique variety of green, red, yellow and orange. The size of small and long cayenne pepper about 2-4 cm. All of these peppers are more spicy than the big chilli type, but some are not spicy.
C. Hybrid Chilli
Hybrid Chilli are of great type. The difference with other types of chilli through a modern cross that produce new varieties through the selection of plants developed. But the lack of hybrid chilli can not stand against open land.
Hybrid Chilli can grow in (plateau) + 2,000 meters above sea level in a temperate climate. Good temperatures for chilli plants are 240-270 0C, and for fruit formation at the range 160-230 C.
Plant Pest of Chilli
Chilli plants are plants that require special care and prevention of pests and diseases. If it is too late to prevent it difficult to control. Early treatment ranging from seeding, tillage, planting to harvest is one of the most appropriate ways to control pests and diseases in plants.
Chilli plants are plants that require special care and prevention of pests and diseases. If it is too late to prevent it difficult to control. Early treatment ranging from seeding, tillage, planting to harvest is one of the most appropriate ways to control pests and diseases in plants.
Types of pests chilli plants
Grayak Caterpillar (Spodoptore litura)
is a green caterpillar, small and very large. This type of caterpillar will attack the leaves, buds and stems so it will cause hollow leaves and young shoots.Caterpillar Thrips
This type of pests small and attack by sucking liquid on the leaves so that the leaves will be curly and towering upwards. At the beginning of this type pest attack on the shoot of leaves or young leaves and often occur in the dry season.Mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)
this pest attack causes curling leaves and rolled down, the leaf part of this pest attacked brownish color causing the leaves fall out.Flea Leaf (Myzuspersicae)
This pest is a fluid-sucking pest on the leaves, young stems and young shoots so that the leaves will become dry and curly. If you know the type of pest, consider the plants, hopefully many ants exist, because aphids produce sugar substances.Fruit Flies (Bactrocera dorsalin)
This type of pest disease attacks chilli plants by injecting their eggs and then eggs drip become larvae.Ulat Tanah (Helicoverpa sp. and Spodoptera exigua)
This pest attacks all parts the plant, stems, leaves and fruit. But this pest type prefers the fruit. This caterpillar hides in the ground and lips mulch when the attack is done at night and during the day.Root Lung.
Symptoms that will occur due to this type of pest attack is the root and the lower stem will rot so that it can cause the plant extinction.
Similarly, the type of pest that likes to attack chilli plants, all the pests that the author mentioned can be controlled by spraying pesticides or other pest toxins to prevent it. The poisons used can be adapted to the pests that attack them.
Types Pesticide Plant Chilli
Pesticides is materials to prevent, control or eradicate harmful organism. The target of pesticides include mice, weed, insect, mammal, worm, or disruptive microbes that are considered harmful.
In the process of chilli cultivation, various pests will attack the plant so that it can damage the plants can even cause the harvest is not maximal.
The use of chilli pesticides should be used wisely and should pay careful attention to the targets, by type, timely, appropriate dosage or concentration, and precisely how to use them. The following is a type of pesticide :
Fungicide
One type of pesticide to control fungi or fungi, for example Kanmulus 80 WG, Alterna 90 WP, Cymoxil 50 WP and Conasol 50 SC.Insecticide
One the type of pesticide that serves to eradicate or kill insects on chilli plants such as fruit flies, grasshoppers, aphids, ladybugs, gangsir, caterpillars, fleas, leaf borer, and many other type.
To control pest attack you can spray by using insecticides that have active ingredients such as Abamektin, Carbosulfan, Fipronil, Imidacloprid.Herbicide
One the type of pesticide used to combat the growth of weeds or pests on the cultivation of chilli. The weeds can be destroyed using herbicides with the active ingredients Ammonium sulfonate and Pentachlorophenol.Nematicide
Serves to control pests in the soil such as nematodes or worms are often known. Nematicide drugs are commonly in the form of DD, Vyapam and Dazomet.Bactericide
Substances used for the control of plant diseases caused by bacteria. Examples of bactericide are Agrept, Bactomin, Agrimycin.
Conclusion
Chilli is a fruit that comes from plants that we often encounter in the home. Chilli is one of spices or a complement of cuisine that much-loved the people of Indonesia.
Chilli pests can be controlled by spraying pesticides or other pests to prevent cultivation crops failing to harvest. The poison used can be adapted to type of pest that attacks the plant
This is all I can discuss today and thank you to all friends who have visited my blog, if there are any shortcoming and different view I apologize. Hopefully this discussion will be useful for all of us.
Farmer Life !!!
Source :
wikipedia.org
repository.usu.ac.id
agrotani.com
mitalom.com
sipendik.com
tipscaramanfaat.com
cabaiibesar.blogspot.co.id
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